TABLE 1.
Characteristics of HIV-Infected Zambians Who Optimally Adhered (≥95% Adherence) to ART and Those Who Did Not
| n | <95% Adherence n = 54 | ≥95% Adherence n = 355 | Combined n = 409 | P* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y† | 409 | 39 (32 to 48) | 39 (32 to 47) | 39 (32 to 47) | 0.9 |
| Gender‡ | 409 | 1.0 | |||
| Male | 37% (20) | 37% (131) | 37% (151) | ||
| Female | 63% (34) | 63% (224) | 63% (258) | ||
| Formal education‡ | 409 | 0.5 | |||
| ≤Primary | 65% (35) | 60% (212) | 60% (247) | ||
| >Primary | 35% (19) | 40% (143) | 40% (162) | ||
| Actual distance, km† | 408 | 30 (19 to 52) | 26 (16 to 46) | 26 (16 to 47) | 0.1 |
| Linear distance, km† | 406 | 21 (15 to 30) | 19 (13 to 27) | 19 (13 to 29) | 0.1 |
| Home-to-MMH duration during dry season, h† | 409 | 3.0 (2.0 to 5.0) | 3.4 (2.0 to 5.0) | 3.0 (2.0 to 5.0) | 0.9 |
| Home-to-MMH duration during rainy season, h† | 409 | 4.0 (3.0 to 6.0) | 5.0 (3.0 to 8.0) | 5.0 (3.0 to 8.0) | 0.5 |
| Mode of transport in dry season‡ | 408 | 0.7 | |||
| Foot | 35% (19) | 43% (153) | 42% (172) | ||
| Bicycle or motorcycle | 24% (13) | 23% (81) | 23% (94) | ||
| Bicycle (with help) | 15% (8) | 11% (39) | 12% (47) | ||
| Group transport or other | 26% (14) | 23% (81) | 23% (95) | ||
| Mode of transport in rainy season‡ | 408 | 0.4 | |||
| Foot | 33% (18) | 44% (155) | 42% (173) | ||
| Bicycle or motorcycle | 20% (11) | 22% (78) | 22% (89) | ||
| Bicycle (with help) | 17% (9) | 12% (41) | 12% (50) | ||
| Group transport or other | 30% (16) | 23% (80) | 24% (96) | ||
| Cost of transport in dry season (Kwacha)‡ | 409 | 0.4 | |||
| No cost | 72% (39) | 77% (275) | 77% (314) | ||
| Some cost | 28% (15) | 23% (80) | 23% (95) | ||
| Cost of transport in rainy season (Kwacha)‡ | 409 | 0.2 | |||
| No cost | 69% (37) | 77% (275) | 76% (312) | ||
| Some cost | 31% (17) | 23% (80) | 24% (97) | ||
| Perceived stigma‡ | 409 | 0.9 | |||
| No | 65% (35) | 66% (233) | 66% (268) | ||
| Yes | 35% (19) | 34% (122) | 34% (141) | ||
| WHO stage at initial visit‡ | |||||
| 1 | 19% (10) | 9% (31) | 10% (41) | ||
| 2 | 22% (12) | 25% (88) | 25% (100) | ||
| 3 | 50% (27) | 56% (196) | 55% (223) | ||
| 4 | 403 | 9% (5) | 10% (34) | 10% (39) | 0.2 |
| BMI at initial visit† | 361 | 18 (17 to 20) | 18 (17 to 20) | 18 (17 to 20) | 0.4 |
| Days over which adherence was measured† | 409 | 64 (47 to 98) | 84 (57 to 98) | 84 (56 to 98) | 0.06 |
| Days on ART†§ | 155 | 56 (35 to 63) | 73 (56 to 84) | 69 (56 to 84) | 0.005 |
*
Wilcoxon test for continuous variables. χ2 test for categoric variables.
†
Continuous variables, including age, actual distance, linear distance, home-to-MMH travel duration (dry and rainy seasons), BMI, days over which adherence was measured, and days on ART, are reported as median (lower quartile to upper quartile).
‡
Categoric variables, including gender, education, mode and cost of transport (dry and rainy seasons), stigma, and WHO stage, are reported as percent (number).
§
Patients initiating ART at the MMH after March 2006, for whom their total days over which adherence was measured was the same as their total days on ART.