TABLE 1.

Confirmed Syphilis-Seropositive and Baseline Sociodemographic and Sexual/Obstetric History Characteristics Among 2636 Enrolled Antenatal Attendees in the HIVNET 024 Clinical Trial in Sub-Saharan Africa

Characteristic	Women n (%)	Percent Confirmed Syphilis-Seropositive and P Value
Site	n = 2,636
Blantyre, Malawi	559 (21.2)	6.3
Lilongwe, Malawi	896 (34.0)	5.1
Dar es Salaam, Tanzania	428 (16.2)	1.4
Lusaka, Zambia	753 (28.6)	11.7
		P <0.0001
HIV serostatus	n = 2,636
Positive	2,270 (86.1)	7.3
Negative	366 (13.9)	2.5
		P = 0.0005
Age in years	n = 2,636
16–19	322 (12.2)	3.7
20–24	1,013 (38.4)	9.1
25–29	845 (32.1)	5.3
30–45	456 (17.3)	5.7
		P = 0.0007
Years of formal education     (completed years)	n = 2,635
None	233 (8.8)	10.3
1–5	614 (23.3)	8.5
6–18	1,788 (67.9)	5.5
		P = 0.002
Literate (self-reported)	n = 2,636
Yes	2,051 (77.8)	5.3
No	585 (22.2)	11.3
		P ≤0.0001
Marital status	n = 2,636
Married and/or living with    partner (referent)	2,431 (92.2)	6.3
Never married or living    with partner	141 (5.4)	4.3
Divorced, separated, or    widowed	64 (2.4)	23.4
		P ≤0.0001
Electricity on premises	n = 2,636
Yes	1,048 (39.8)	5.1
No	1,588 (60.2)	7.7
		P = 0.008
Running water on    premises	n = 2,636
Yes	1,084 (41.1)	5.3
No	1,552 (58.9)	7.6
		P = 0.02
Cook with paraffin stove	n = 2,636
Yes	470 (17.8)	2.3
No	2,166 (82.2)	7.6
		P ≤0.0001
Number of lifetime sexual    partners including    spouse or partner	n = 2,617
1	628 (24.0)	4.6
2	848 (32.4)	5.7
3–25	1,141 (43.6)	8.5
		P < 0.003
In the last year, treated for    genital ulcers	n = 2,633
Yes	93 (3.5)	21.5
No	2,540 (96.5)	6.1
		P ≤ 0.0001
Number of pregnancies,    including current	n = 2,636
1	501 (19.0)	4
2–4	1,712 (65.0)	7.3
5–12	423 (16.1)	7.1
		P = 0.03
Number of stillbirths	n = 2,636
0	2,425 (92)	5.7
1	180 (6.8)	15.6
2–5	31 (1.2)	25.8
		P ≤0.0001
Number of children born    >3 wk early	n = 2,636
0	2,509 (95.2)	6.2
1	95 (3.6)	16.8
2–8	32 (1.2)	9.4
		P = 0.002