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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Sep 14.
Published in final edited form as: Dev Psychol. 2008 Jul;44(4):1028–1039. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.44.4.1028

Figure 9.

Figure 9

Friendless comparison group model (standardized estimates). The friendless group includes random pairs of same-grade, same-gender friendless participants, neither of whom had ever nominated the other as an important peer or peer associate. U = residual variance in older child’s intoxication frequency at Time 2; V = residual variance in younger child’s intoxication frequency at Time 2; W = residual variance in older child’s intoxication frequency at Time 3; Z = residual variance in younger child’s intoxication frequency at Time 3. *p < .05. **p < .01.