. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Feb 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Food Compost Anal. 2009 Feb 1;22(1):53. doi: 10.1016/j.jfca.2008.10.005

Appendix A.

Food groups used for analysis

Food group	Food items
Whole grains	Amaranth, barley (pearled or flour), buckwheat (whole, groats, or flour), quinoa, bulgur, corn flour or corn meal (whole grain), kasha, wheat germ, processed bran (corn, oat, or wheat), phyllium seed, oats/oatbran, brown rice, wild rice, rice flour, rye and rye flour, triticale flour (whole grain), wheat (all hard/soft, spring/winter), whole wheat, popcorn, corn chips or corn tortillas (made with whole corn), oatmeal (instant or prepared), granola, oatmeal cookies, oatmeal bread, whole wheat pastas, whole grain breads (whole wheat, rye bread, other multi-grain and whole grain breads (including light), whole wheat cracker, whole whet panckes, waffles, or bagels, mixed dishes made with whole grains, all cold breakfast cereals (fortified and non-fortified), made with whole grains, as well as bran (≥25% by weight).
Refined grains	White bread (including light), roll, stuffing, cracker, biscuit, bagel, pancake, waffle, white flour, corn meal (refined), corn bread (made with refined), hush puppies, grits, corn chips, tortillas (made with white or refined corn flour), salty snacks, couscous, cracked wheat bread, croutons, cream of wheat or rice, couscous, all sweet baked goods (made with white flour), white rice, steamed or fried, mixed dishes with white rice, rice and beans, pasta with vegetables, macaroni and cheese, mixed pasta dishes made with refined grains, refined grain cereals (<25% by weight).

Food group

Food items

Whole grains

Amaranth, barley (pearled or flour), buckwheat (whole, groats, or flour), quinoa, bulgur, corn flour or corn meal (whole grain), kasha, wheat germ, processed bran (corn, oat, or wheat), phyllium seed, oats/oatbran, brown rice, wild rice, rice flour, rye and rye flour, triticale flour (whole grain), wheat (all hard/soft, spring/winter), whole wheat, popcorn, corn chips or corn tortillas (made with whole corn), oatmeal (instant or prepared), granola, oatmeal cookies, oatmeal bread, whole wheat pastas, whole grain breads (whole wheat, rye bread, other multi-grain and whole grain breads (including light), whole wheat cracker, whole whet panckes, waffles, or bagels, mixed dishes made with whole grains, all cold breakfast cereals (fortified and non-fortified), made with whole grains, as well as bran (≥25% by weight).

Refined grains

White bread (including light), roll, stuffing, cracker, biscuit, bagel, pancake, waffle, white flour, corn meal (refined), corn bread (made with refined), hush puppies, grits, corn chips, tortillas (made with white or refined corn flour), salty snacks, couscous, cracked wheat bread, croutons, cream of wheat or rice, couscous, all sweet baked goods (made with white flour), white rice, steamed or fried, mixed dishes with white rice, rice and beans, pasta with vegetables, macaroni and cheese, mixed pasta dishes made with refined grains, refined grain cereals (<25% by weight).