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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Lab Invest. 2009 Jun 8;89(8):924–936. doi: 10.1038/labinvest.2009.49

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Images of bacteria in two cases of multiple gestations demonstrated by SYTO 9/propidium iodide fluorescent staining. There were isolated MIAC and histologic chorioamnionitis restricted to only one of the fetuses in both cases. (a) Gross feature of the placenta and the amniotic fluid of a twin case. Discoloration of amniotic surface is evident in twin A, and there is stark contrast between the amniocentesis samples. (b, c) A cluster of bacteria in amniotic fluid (b) and bacterial invasion of amniotic epithelial cells (c) demonstrated by fluorescent staining. Live bacteria were stained with SYTO 9 (green fluorescence), and dead bacteria were stained with propidium iodide (red fluorescence). Note the lack of bacteria in the chorioamniotic connective tissue indicating bacterial propagation from the amniotic cavity (arrow). (d) The other case of quadruplets also showing a large number of bacteria in the amniotic fluid pellets and invasion of the amnion in the chorioamniotic membranes by those bacteria on fluorescent staining. Magnification ×630. AF: amniotic fluid, CAM: chorioamniotic membranes.