TABLE 4.

Logistic Regression Results^a (Adjusted Odds Ratio [95% CI]) for Associations Between CAM for General Use and Diabetes Care in the Past Year and Participation in Selected Diabetes Self-Management Behaviors in the Past Week (N) in the ELDER Study

	CAM for General Use			CAM for Diabetes Care
Self-Management behaviorb	Consumedc	Therapies	Practitioners	Consumedc	Therapies	Practitioners
Foot inspection
OR	1.6	1.5	1.4	2.4**	1.4	2.1
95% CI	0.9, 2.6	0.7, 3.2	0.6, 2.9	1.4, 4.2	0.4, 5.0	0.3, 17.3
Compliant participantsd	470	470	468	470	469
ne	609	609	607	609	608	607
Healthful eating plan
OR	1.8*	2.0*	1.2	1.8**	2.9*	9.6**
95% CI	1.1, 3.1	1.1, 3.5	0.7, 2.3	1.2, 2.7	1.0, 8.2	1.9, 48.3
Compliant participantsd	202	202	202	202	202	202
ne	607	607	605	607	606	605
Medication adherence
OR	0.6	1.2	0.8	0.9	1.7	0.7
95% CI	0.2, 1.5	0.4, 3.5	0.3, 2.1	0.4, 1.8	0.2, 13.7	0.1, 6.4
Compliant participantsd	569	569	567	569	568
ne	617	617	615	617	616	615

Note. CAM = complementary and alternative medicine; ELDER = Evaluating Long-term Diabetes Self-management among Elder Rural Adults; OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval.

^aAdjusted for ethnicity, gender, education, living arrangements, poverty status, self-rated health, Short Form–12 physical and mental component score, number of chronic conditions, and number of prescription medications.

^bFor the multivariate analysis, all self-management behavior outcomes were dichotomized. The outcomes of foot inspection and healthful eating plan were dichotomized as 0 days versus >0 days. Compliance with recommended medication was dichotomized as <7 days versus 7 days.

^cConsumed CAM includes food home remedy, other home remedy, vitamins/minerals, herbs, and popular manufactured products.

^dTotal number of participants compliant with the self-management behavior

^eTotal number of participants included in each model.

^*.01 < p ≤ .05

^**.001 <p ≤ .01

^***p ≤ .001.