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Outcome at a mean (SD) of 19.2 years follow-up in 109 patients.
| Outcome | Percentage or mean (95%CI) |
| Global Back Question | |
| Excellent | 25 |
| Good | 56 |
| Fair | 14 |
| Poor | 5 |
| General Function Score (0–100) | 5.4 (10.5) |
| Oswestry Disability Index (0–100) | 6.4 (9.8) |
| EQ – 5D (-0.5 to 1.0) | 0.84 (0.19) |
| EQ – VAS (0–100) | 77.2 (18.2) |
| SRS-22 (0–5) | |
| Pain | 4.2 (0.8) |
| Physical function | 4.2 (0.7) |
| Mental health | 3.9 (0.7) |
| Self–image | 4.1 (0.6) |
| Satisfaction | 3.7 (1.0) |
