Table 2.

Post-translational/age-related modifications in human lens crystallins

Crystallin	Modification	References
aA	Deamidation Q6, Q50, Q90, N101, Q104, N123, Q147	[32–34,87,88,144,198–200]
	Oxidation M1, W9, Y18, Y34, M138, C142,	[32,33,75,84]
	Phoshorylation T13, S45, S122, T140	[32,34,75,144,199]
	Methylation R21, K88	[75]
	Acetylation M1, K70, K78, K145	[34,75,144, 201–203]
	Disulphide C131–C142	[84]
	Other C131, S162, Unknown S20, H79	[34,84,144,204,205]
aB	Deamidation Q25, N78, Q108, N146	[32–35,76,144,173]
	Oxidation M1, H7, H7, W9, Y48, W60, M68,	[32–35,75,144,173]
	Phosphorylation S19, S21, S43, S45, S53, S59, S76,	[32,34,75,144,199,206]
	Methylation R22, R50	[75]
	Acetylation M1, K92,	[32–34,75,144,201,207]
	Other H83, T170, K175	[34,144,204,205,208,209]
βA2	Phosphorylation S30	[210]
€	Acetylation S1	[34,210]
bA3/A1	Deamidation Q38, N40, Q42, N54, N62, N103, N120, N133, Q164, Q172, Q180, Q203, Q206	[33–35,102,144,173,211]
	Oxidation M46, W96, W99, M111, M126, M151, M161, W168, C52, H201	[34,35,75,84,144,173,211]
	Phosphorylation T127, S160
	Methylation C82, C117, R137, C185	[75]
	Acetylation M1, A1[A18], K122, K125, K131,	[34,75,143,144,203]
		[34,75,144,201]
βA4	Deamidation Q62, Q64, Q65, N82, N113	[34,144,211]
	Oxidation M13, W79, W148	[34,211]
	Phosphorylation S34, T43	[75]
	Acetylation T1	[34,144,201]
	Other C165	[84]
bB1	Deamidation N15, N57, N67, Q105, N107, N124, Q146, N157, N161, Q196, Q204, N216, Q222, Q224, Q226, Q235	[33–35,102,144,173,211]
	Oxidation W100, M112, W123, W126, M136, W192, W215, W218, M225,	[34,75,144,211]
	Phosphorylation S9, T11,
	Methylation R229, R230, K234	[75]
	Acetylation S1, K5, K159,	[75]
	Other S151, C79, H214	[34,75,201]
		[144,212]
bB2	Deamidation N115, Q146, Q154, Q162, Q182, Q184	[34,144,201,211]
	Oxidation W58, M121, W150, M192C37	[34,75,84]
	Phosphorylation T117	[75]
	Methylation K41, K67, K120	[75]
	Acetylation A1, K75, K120	[34,144,201,203,211]
bB3	Deamidation N155	[34,144]
	Oxidation M129, C39, C45	[75,84]
	Phosphorylation Y29	[213]
	Methylation K128	[75]
	Acetylation M1, A2, K128	[34,144,201]
γB	Deamidation Q66	[34,144]
	Oxidation W68, M69, M102	[34,144]
	Phosphorylation Y62, Y65	[75]
	Methylation C22, C79	[34,142]
	Carbamylation 1G	[142]
gC	Deamidation N24, Q66,	[34,144]
	Oxidation Y55, W68, M69, M101/102, W130	[34,75,144]
	Phosphorylation Y62, Y65	[75]
	Methylation C22, C79	[34,142,144]
	Carbamylation 1G	[142]
	Disulfide C22–C32, C78–C79	[33]
gD	Deamidation Q12, N49, N160	[34,144]
	Oxidation Y45, W156	[75,144]
	Methylation C110	[34,142,144]
	Carbamylation G1	[34,142]
	Disulphide C18–C32, C108–C110	[33]
gS	Deamidation N14, Q16, N53, Q63, Q70, N76, Q92, Q120, N143, Q170	[33,34,87,88,93,144]
	Oxidation M58, M73, M118, M123, M136	[33,34,75,144]
	Phosphorylation S89	[34, 35,75,141,144]
	Methylation K6, C24, C26,	[35]
	Acetylation S1	[34,201]
	Disulphide C22–C24, C114–C129	[33]
	Others C82, C129, R19	[35,212]

For details on other modifications please refer to the citations. Unidentified modifications and those reported as present in low abundance are in Supplement Table 5 in reference [34].

Reference [34] is the most comprehensive analysis of age-related modification of human lens crystallins.