Table 7.

Determinants of Self-Care by Gender: Factors and the Direction of Influence

	Self-Care Maintenance				Self-Care Management				Self-Care Confidence
	Level		Adequate		Level		Adequate		Level		Adequate
Variable	Men	Women	Men	Women	Men	Women	Men	Women	Men	Women	Men	Women
↑ Age	↑	↑	↑		↓	↓	↓	↓
Married				↓
≥ HS Education	↑	↑	↑	↑	↑	↑		↑	↑		↑
↑ Comorbid Cat.							↑		↓		↓
HF ≤ 2 Months	↓		↓		↓	↓	↓		↓
↑ NYHA Class	↓	↓	↓	↓					↓	↓	↓
Diastolic HF	↓	↓	↓	↓						↓		↓

Note: Arrows indicate an increase ↑ or decrease ↓ in level or self-care, and increase or decrease in the odds of reporting adequate self-care. Only statistically significant relationships are represented. HF = heart failure, HS = high school equivalent, NYHA = New York Heart Association.