Table 4.
Risk Factors for Herpes Zoster (HZ) Among Patients Receiving Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Antagonists (Medication Group 3)
| HZ | No HZ | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | 96 | 3,565 | |
| mean age (Standard deviation) | 58.5 (12.0) | 57.8 (11.7) | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) |
| sex (% male) | 86 (89.6) | 3,247 (91.1) | 0.74 (0.37–1.45) |
| % who received drug while in medication group 3 (median months, interquartile range): | |||
| Prednisone | 62.5 (10, 4–26) | 54.7 (30,13–53) | 1.08 (0.69–1.70) |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 16.7 (13, 7–25) | 22.1 (27,10–45) | 0.70 (0.41–1.21) |
| Sulfasalazine | 8.3 (11, 3–22) | 17.3 (19, 6–42) | 0.44 (0.21–0.91) |
| Auranofin | 0 | 0.2 (10, 3–56) | a |
| Inject. Gold | 0 | 0.3 (17, 10–25) | a |
| Penicillamine | 0 | 0.1 (9, 8–37) | a |
| Methotrexate | 54.2 (12, 6–24) | 51.0 (32,17–53) | 1.13 (0.75–1.70) |
| Azathioprine | 6.3 (23, 9–42) | 4.8 (11, 3–28) | 1.06 (0.46–2.40) |
| Leflunomide | 21.9 (9, 3–18) | 19.7 (21, 7–41) | 0.95 (0.58–1.56) |
| Cyclosporine | 1.0 (1, 1–1) | 1.3 (7, 2–24) | a |
| Cyclophosphamide | 1.0 (5, 5–5) | 0.6 (7, 2–14) | a |
| Anakinra | 1.0 (0) | 1.5 (5, 2–13) | a |
| Etanercept | 64.6 (11, 5–29) | 69.0 (16, 6–33) | 0.62 (0.40–0.95) |
| Infliximab | 33.3 (8, 3–27) | 21.7 (14, 5–30) | 1.32 (0.85–2.03) |
| Adalimumab | 16.7 (5, 4–10) | 32.8 (9, 4–18) | 0.53 (0.31–0.91) |
| Comorbidities (%) | |||
| HTN | 71 (74.0) | 2,630 (73.8) | 1.31 (0.81–2.12) |
| DM | 30 (31.3) | 1,095 (30.7) | 1.12 (0.71–1.76) |
| Malignancy | 18 (18.8) | 714 (20.0) | 1.17 (0.69–1.99) |
| Chronic lung disease | 33 (34.4) | 1,414 (39.7) | 0.91 (0.58–1.41) |
| Renal failure | 15 (5.2) | 295 (7.2) | 0.76 (0.30–1.93) |
| Liver disease | 7 (7.3) | 255 (7.2) | 1.37 (0.62–3.01) |
| AIDS | 0.00 | 18 (0.5) | a |
| None of the above | 13 (13.5) | 403 (11.3) | |
Note: Data are number (%) of patients, unless otherwise indicated. Statistically significant associations are in bold.
a
Cells not compared due to small size