Table 3.
Mental health inventory (MHI-5) score: Stratified linear regression models testing the Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations
| African American | Hispanic | White | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
| Predisposing Factors | |||||||||
| Experience of Homelessness | |||||||||
| Total years homeless, lifetime | .15 (.55) | .37 (0.54) | .53 (0.48) | .71 (.63) | −1.22 (0.78) | −.89 (0.66) | .67 (.51) | .52 (0.72) | .59 (0.80) |
| Episodes of homelessness, lifetime | .37 (.26) | .21 (0.22) | .29 (0.20) | .43 (.59) | .06 (0.52) | −.52 (0.47) | .12 (.26) | .25 (0.14) # | .10 (0.16) |
| Age at first homeless episode | −.08 (.19) | .29 (0.24) | .34 (0.21) | −.28 (.42) | −.95 (0.43) * | −.79 (0.52) | .50 (.37) | .61 (0.51) | .48 (0.49) |
| Lived on streets, last 60 days | .04 (.04) | .02 (0.04) | .01 (0.04) | .28 (.14) * | .22 (0.18) | .11 (0.22) | .04 (.09) | .10 (0.09) | .01 (0.08) |
| Number of showers/baths, past 30 days | −.46 (.30) | −.13 (0.21) | .22 (0.19) | .75 (.34) * | .71 (0.33) * | .66 (0.26) * | −.50 (.39) | −.40 (0.37) | −.41 (0.36) |
| Age | −.39 (0.28) | −.30 (0.26) | .90 (0.49) # | .92 (0.55) | −.23 (0.65) | −.10 (0.59) | |||
| Currently married/partnered | 11.81 (3.07) *** | 9.95 (2.78) *** | −5.98 (4.49) | −5.43 (3.68) | 15.46 (5.82) ** | 12.02 (6.20) # | |||
| Years of education | −1.33 (0.91) | −1.47 (0.78) # | .25 (0.66) | −.72 (0.61) | .48 (1.03) | .01 (0.82) | |||
| Working full- or part-time during past month | −2.44 (2.53) | 2.21 (2.63) | 3.26 (4.32) | 6.41 (3.44) # | −13.75 (5.61) * | −11.70 (6.15) # | |||
| Ever spent time in prison/jail | −4.86 (2.17) * | −4.19 (2.20) # | −1.21 (5.86) | −5.00 (5.88) | −11.30 (6.32) # | −8.10 (4.73) # | |||
| Frequency of social contact | −1.06 (0.75) | −.97 (0.71) | −3.35 (0.88) *** | −2.58 (1.06) ** | −1.01 (1.25) | −.66 (1.10) | |||
| Number of close relatives in LA | −.11 (0.12) | −.08 (0.11) | −.05 (0.15) | −.03 (0.18) | −.74 (0.44) # | −.45 (0.46) | |||
| Assault History | |||||||||
| Physical assault before age 18 | 5.44 (3.39) | 3.56 (2.98) *** | 6.71 (3.22) * | 9.31 (3.06) ** | −2.08 (4.70) | −.89 (5.11) | |||
| Sexual assault before age 18 | .49 (3.06) | −.52 (2.96) | 5.94 (4.89) | 1.61 (4.63) | 1.41 (3.42) | .99 (3.42) | |||
| Physical assault during last 12 months | 11.97 (3.54) *** | 12.37 (3.22) | 4.29 (5.07) | 4.92 (4.78) | 7.11 (5.22) | 6.20 (4.44) * | |||
| Sexual assault during last 12 months | 5.71 (3.95) | 5.10 (3.37) | −.23 (5.14) | −4.13 (4.34) | 15.38 (7.31) * | 14.78 (7.13) | |||
| Substance Abuse and Mental Health | |||||||||
| History of alcohol abuse, lifetime | .62 (2.45) | 1.72 (2.27) | 1.52 (5.24) | 1.56 (5.19) | 6.91 (5.69) | 4.42 (4.80) | |||
| History of drug abuse, lifetime | 3.54 (2.82) | 3.50 (2.59) | 5.04 (4.96) | 7.04 (4.46) | 6.67 (6.88) | 3.15 (5.47) | |||
| History of psychiatric hospitalization, lifetime | 2.95 (3.03) | 3.03 (2.79) | 6.20 (4.15) | 2.77 (4.48) | 15.16 (5.04) ** | 13.11 (5.31) ** | |||
| Enabling Factors | |||||||||
| Regular source of health care | −2.62 (2.58) | 7.16 (3.22) * | −7.41 (5.07) | ||||||
| Health insurance | 1.82 (2.93) | 5.97 (4.47) | 5.16 (5.47) | ||||||
| Income below poverty level, last 30 days | 4.47 (2.83) | 3.49 (4.32) | −1.36 (5.68) | ||||||
| Number of encouragements to seek health care (0–4) | 1.06 (0.99) | .47 (1.54) | 1.62 (1.82) | ||||||
| Having a case manager | 2.60 (2.37) | −5.56 (4.89) | −2.68 (4.92) | ||||||
| On general health relief program | −2.93 (2.92) | −12.18 (5.26) * | 7.22 (5.56) | ||||||
| Currently caring for children | 2.35 (2.88) | −8.05 (5.51) | −2.29 (5.61) | ||||||
| Competing needs score, past 30 days (barrier) (0–4) | 7.47 (1.60) *** | 8.45 (2.92) ** | 5.91 (3.82) | ||||||
|
| |||||||||
| Number of observations | 548 | 548 | 548 | 131 | 131 | 131 | 142 | 142 | 142 |
| Model significance (F test) | 2.58 * | 5.30 *** | 8.20 *** | 2.94** | 4.00 *** | 13.32 *** | 1.40 | 8.51 *** | 10.57*** |
| Adjusted R-squared | .039 | .178 | .236 | .057 | .188 | .248 | .049 | .319 | .348 |
#
p <.10
*
p <.05
**
p <.01
***
p <.001