Table 1.
Relative expression levels of genes in patients grouped according to GSTM1 genotype and sunburn history.
| Ratio null⁄WT* | Ratio high/low sunburns* | Protein (gene) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Transporters | 1360 | 34.9 | Erythrocyte glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) |
| 218 | 183 | Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 3 | |
| 45.4 | 18.9 | Copper-transporting ATPase 2 | |
| 28.8 | 39.0 | Vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) | |
| 5.46 | 15.5 | High-affinity glutamate transporter | |
| 36.0 | 25.7 | Organic cation transporter 1 | |
| 23.8 | 15.1 | Cardiac muscle sodium channel alpha subunit; HH1 | |
| 10.4 | 11.2 | Zinc transporter 4 | |
| Cell cycle control | 673 | 3820 | wee1Hu CDK tyrosine 15-kinase; wee-1-like protein kinase |
| 107 | 129 | Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C (CDKN1C); p57-KIP2 | |
| 6.58 | 5.21 | G1⁄S-specific cyclin D3 (CCND3) | |
| Receptors | 304 | 91.0 | High-affinity nerve growth factor receptor precursor; trk-1 |
| 111 | 97.4 | Transforming growth factor beta receptor III | |
| 69.3 | 59.9 | CC chemokine receptor type 1 (CC CKR1; CCR 1) | |
| 37.0 | 24.3 | Colon carcinoma kinase 4 precursor (CCK4) | |
| 28.6 | 12.2 | Angiopoietin 1 receptor precursor | |
| 23.7 | 17.4 | Macrophage-stimulating protein receptor precursor | |
| 20.4 | 27.1 | Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 precursor (VEGFR2) | |
| 18.2 | 11.1 | N-sam; fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 precursor (FGFR1) | |
| 17.9 | 16.6 | ERBB4 receptor protein-tyrosine kinase; Her4 | |
| 13.1 | 5.84 | Triiodothyronine receptor (THRA1) | |
| 12.3 | 9.79 | ERBB2 receptor protein-tyrosine kinase | |
| 10.9 | 7.47 | Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) | |
| 6.03 | 6.78 | Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1) | |
| 5.10 | 8.49 | Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 precursor (VEGFR3) | |
| Signaling intermediates | 162 | 49.7 | cAMP-dependent 3′,5′-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE43); DPDE3 |
| 35.2 | 11.4 | Dual-specificity protein phosphatase 2; PAC-1 | |
| 24.2 | 8.56 | Ribosomal protein kinase B (RSKB) | |
| 23.1 | 6.14 | Myotubularin | |
| 20.7 | 11.0 | Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase lck; p56-lck | |
| 20.4 | 13.7 | Tyrosine-protein kinase lyn | |
| 9.53 | 5.22 | Anaplastic lymphoma kinase GN (ALK) | |
| 6.74 | 5.73 | T-lymphoma invasion and metastasis inducing TIAM1 | |
| 5.53 | 8.90 | Myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) | |
| Transcription factors | 140 | 68.8 | Breast cancer type 2 susceptibility protein (BRCA2) |
| 43.7 | 46.1 | Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 alpha⁄beta (STAT1) | |
| 13.3 | 11.4 | Transcription factor DP2 (Humdp2); E2F dimerization partner 2 | |
| 9.37 | 5.36 | Signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (STAT2); p113 | |
| 9.19 | 8.29 | Human immunodeficiency virus type I enhancer-binding protein 2 (HIV-EP2) | |
| 8.90 | 9.11 | Homeobox protein hLim1; LHX1 | |
| 8.05 | 6.34 | Endothelial transcription factor GATA2 | |
| 7.63 | 11.6 | Homeobox protein HOX-A5; HOX-1C | |
| Growth factors | 28.0 | 46.8 | Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)⁄NT-3 |
| 9.66 | 6.11 | Macrophage colony-stimulating factor I receptor precursor (CSF-1-R) | |
| 8.89 | 7.92 | Transforming growth factor beta2 precursor (TGF-beta2; TGFB2) | |
| Intermediary metabolism | 43.1 | 21.0 | Lactotransferrin precursor; lactoferrin |
| 29.5 | 19.4 | Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase kinase precursor | |
| Tumor suppressors | 58.5 | 24.6 | p53 cellular tumor antigen |
| 34.8 | 21.6 | Retinoblastoma-like protein 2 (RBL2; RB2) | |
| 19.6 | 11.3 | Retinoblastoma-associated protein (RB1); PP110; P105-RB | |
| 9.53 | 8.01 | LUCA15 putative tumor suppressor | |
| Oncogenes | 19.5 | 6.46 | C-fes proto-oncogene |
| 15.9 | 8.65 | H-ras proto-oncogene; transforming G protein | |
| 7.31 | 16.7 | C-mos proto-oncogene serine⁄threonine-protein kinase | |
| Apoptosis | 50.1 | 33.8 | DAXX |
| 14.9 | 13.3 | bcl-2 interacting killer (BIK); NBK apoptotic inducer protein; BP4; BIP1 | |
| Hormones | 5.61 | 10.2 | Leptin precursor; obesity factor; obese protein |
| Translation factors | 26.0 | 42.9 | NIP1 (NIP1) |
*
Values are the averaged relative expression levels of genes in microarrays for keratinocyte outgrowths from skin specimens from patients grouped by GSTM1 genotype (for GSTM1 WT the values shown represent the average of six microarrays; for the null genotype values represent the average of seven microarrays) or sunburn history as indicated. Only ratios of five-fold or greater in magnitude are shown.