Fig. 2.

Photographs showing the biomechanical testing of ROM in the preloaded human cadaveric spine implanted with a Charité™ at L4-L5 (A) and lateral radiograph of the implant (B). The arrow indicates the loading cable for follower preload. The compressive follower preload was applied so that its path approximated the tangent of the curve of the lumbar spine (With permission from Ha SK, Kim SH, Kim DH, Park JY, Lim DJ, Lee SK. Biomechanical study of lumbar spinal arthroplasty with a semi-constrained artificial disc (Activ L) in the human cadaveric spine. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 45 :169-175, 2009.). ROM : range of motion.