Table 2.

Behavioral analysis of mice with targeted mutations of GR and MR

		Anxiety Tests			Despair Tests			Learning and Memory
Transgenic Line	Locomotion	Elevated Plus Maze/Elevated O Maze	Light:Dark Preference	Open Field	Forced Swim Test	Tail Suspension Test	Learned Helplessness	MWM	RAM	Novel Object	References^#
Mice with⇓GR (AGR)	⇑(EPM; open field)	⇓anxiety			⇓despair			⇓memory	⇓memory	^*	Beaulieu, 1994; Montkowski, 1995 Rochford, 1997; Rouse, 1997; Steckler, 1999b & Steckler, 2001
GR exon 2 Knockout (GR^Hypo)	⇑ (open field)			nc anxiety				⇓memory			Oitzl, 1997;
GR exon 3 heterozygote (GR^Nu” het)	nc (open field)	nc	nc	nc	nc		⇑despair				Ridder, 2995
GRDNA binding mutant (GR^Dim)	⇓(MWM); nc (open field)		nc	nc				⇓memory			Oitzl, 2001
Panneural GR Knockout (GR^NesCre)	nc (open field)	⇓anxiety	⇓anxiety	nc	⇓despair^**						Tranche, 1999
Forebrain GR Knockout (FBGRKO)	⇑(EPM); nc (open field)	⇓anxiety	⇑reactivity	nc	⇑despair	⇑despair					Boyle, 2005; Boyle, 2006
Mice with⇑GR (YGR)	nc (open field)	nc	nc	nc	nc		⇓despair				Ridder, 2005
Forebrain GR Overexpressor (GRov)	nc (open field)	⇑ anxiety	⇑ anxiety	nc	⇑despair						Wei, 2004

MR Knockout (MR^Nu”)		^***	^***	^***							Gass, 2001
Forebrain MR Knockout (MR^CamKCre)	⇓(MWM; L:D pref; EOM); nc (open field)	nc	nc	nc				⇓memory	⇓memory	⇑exploratory activity	Berger, 2006
Forebrain MR Overexpressor (MRov)	nc (open field)	⇓anxiety		⇓anxiety							Rozeboom, 2007
Forebrain MR Overexpressor (MR-Tg)	nc (open field)		⇓anxiety	⇓anxiety				⇑memory		⇓memory	Lai, 2007

Abbreviations: ⇑ - increase compared to control mice; ⇓ - decrease compared to control mice; nc - no change compared to control mice; EPM - elevated plus maze; MWM - Morris water maze; RAM - radial arm maze.

Conflicting data on this test in literature;

^**

show decreased immobility on 2nd day of testing;

^***

preliminary data suggests increased anxiety (but details are unpublished ).

References are given by first author and year of publication.