Table 1.

Quantity of QMP components (mean ± standard deviation, SD, in μg)

QMP	Virgin	Saline	Semen	Mated	Virgin versus mated
					U	P
HOB	3.41 ± 0.49	2.92 ± 0.46	2.74 ± 0.28	4.2 ± 0.53	118	0.16
9-ODA	75.65 ± 8.93	60.34 ± 8.16	61.84 ± 6.58	91.19 ± 9.5	130	0.31
9-HDA (+/−)	14.31 ± 1.39	10.2 ± 1.26	11.05 ± 1.29	15.64 ± 1.84	117	0.15

The quantities of the identified QMP compounds in the mandibular gland extracts of virgin, saline-inseminated, semen-inseminated, and naturally mated queens are shown. Statistical comparisons of the quantities of each compound between virgins the naturally mated queens were performed using a Mann–Whitney test.