Table 4.
Associations of grade of erosive esophagitis, according to LA classification, with risk factors for erosive esophagitis n (%)
| Control (n = 3358) | A (n = 1326) | B (n = 328) | C or D (n = 25) | P for linear trend | |
| Age (yr, mean ± SD) | 45.2 ± 9.7 | 44.8 ± 9.7 | 46.4 ± 9.3 | 49.9 ± 10.7 | 0.094 |
| Males | 1991 (59) | 1122 (85) | 300 (92) | 22 (88) | < 0.001 |
| Current smoking | 786 (23) | 554 (42) | 162 (49) | 8 (32) | < 0.001 |
| Alcohol use (≥ 3-4/wk) | 387 (12) | 251 (19) | 101 (31) | 8 (32) | < 0.001 |
| Hiatal hernia | 24 (0.2) | 32 (2) | 3 (1) | 3 (12) | < 0.001 |
| Reflux symptoms1 | 265 (8.0) | 141 (11) | 50 (15) | 3 (12) | < 0.001 |
| Metabolic syndrome | 433 (13) | 255 (19) | 87 (27) | 10 (40) | 0.001 |
| Fatty liver on Abdominal USG | 1014 (30) | 625 (47) | 166 (51) | 18 (72) | < 0.001 |
| HOMA2 (mean ± SD) | 2.18 ± 0.89 | 2.39 ± 1.10 | 2.50 ± 1.10 | 2.70 ± 1.12 | 0.007 |
1
Reflux symptoms: Weekly heartburn and/or acid regurgitation;
2
HOMA: Homeostasis model assessment estimates steady state beta cell function and insulin sensitivity.