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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Jul 22.
Published in final edited form as: J Biomech. 2009 May 29;42(10):1371–1377. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2009.04.043

Figure 10.

Figure 10

Effects of apical and paravaginal impairments on cystocele formation. Simulations had 60% levator ani muscle impairments and were loaded with 168cmH2O maximum intra-abdominal pressure. For apical impairment simulations, models had normal paravaginal support, but a varying degree of apical support impairment with remaining apical connective tissue stiffness ranging from 20% to 100% of the normal value. For paravaginal impairment simulations, models had normal apical support but varying degree of paravaginal support impairment with remaining paravaginal connective tissue stiffness ranging from 20% to 100% of normal values.