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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2009 Jun 17;19(3):336–342. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2009.05.011

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Epigenetic mechanisms provide a substrate for the long-term changes in gene patterns underlying behavior. Physiological cues and environmentally-relevant stimuli modulate the activity of chromatin modifying enzymes, such as histone acetyltransferases (HATs), histone deacetylases (HDACs), and DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) that in turn modify the histone tails and methylation of CpG dinucleotides. Such changes then affect neuronal gene transcription at the synapse level to that of the epigenome and neural systems levels.