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TGF-β1 induces invasion in EM42 cells and EECs. Effects of TGF-β1 on EM42 and EEC invasion through a transmesothelial cell layer were examined. EM42 cells were treated with TGF-β1 at indicated doses prior to the invasion assay (A). Effects of TGF-β1 (5 ng/ml) on EEC invasion were also examined (B). Invasion data are expressed as mean ± SEM and representative images of invasion chambers are shown. *P < 0.05 versus control.
