Table 2.
Risk of New Onset of Daily Smoking at Wave 2 among Never Daily Smokers at Wave 1 (N = 21,226): Bivariate and Multiple Variable Models
| Bivariate Risks | Main Effects Multivariable Model |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | % w/ Onset of Daily Smoking (SE)† |
OR (95% CI)‡ |
OR (95% CI)‡ |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 3.1 (0.2) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Female | 2.1 (0.2) | 0.66 (0.53 - 0.82) | 0.78 (0.61 - 1.00) |
| Age | |||
| 18-24 | 6.8 (0.6) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 25-34 | 2.4 (0.4) | 0.33 (0.23 - 0.48) | 0.61 (0.41 - 0.91) |
| 35-44 | 2.5 (0.3) | 0.35 (0.26 - 0.47) | 0.70 (0.50 - 0.98) |
| 45-54 | 1.6 (0.2) | 0.23 (0.16 - 0.32) | 0.47 (0.31 - 0.71) |
| 55-64 | 1.4 (0.3) | 0.19 (0.12 - 0.31) | 0.36 (0.21 - 0.62) |
| 65+ | 0.4 (0.1) | 0.05 (0.03 - 0.11) | 0.08 (0.03 - 0.19) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| White | 2.2 (0.2) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Black | 4.3 (0.5) | 2.01 (1.47 - 2.74) | 1.22 (0.89 - 1.69) |
| Native Am./Alaskan | 4.3 (1.7) | 2.01 (0.88 - 4.60) | 1.64 (0.69 - 3.89) |
| Asian/Pacific Is. | 2.4 (0.6) | 1.11 (0.67 - 1.85) | 1.14 (0.67 - 1.92) |
| Hispanic American | 2.6 (0.4) | 1.20 (0.83 - 1.72) | 0.64 (0.43 - 0.94) |
| Marital Status | |||
| Married | 1.5 (0.2) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Living w/someone | 1.8 (0.6) | 1.22 (0.61 - 2.43) | 0.73 (0.35 - 1.51) |
| Widowed | 0.7 (0.2) | 0.47 (0.27 - 0.83) | 1.18 (0.56 - 2.49) |
| Divorced | 2.8 (0.4) | 1.90 (1.34 - 2.70) | 1.81 (1.26 - 2.60) |
| Separated | 5.0 (1.4) | 3.51 (1.86 - 6.63) | 2.60 (1.38 - 4.89) |
| Never married | 5.6 (0.4) | 3.94 (3.05 - 5.08) | 1.97 (1.43 - 2.70) |
| Full-time Student | |||
| Yes | 2.2 (0.1) | 1.0 | + |
| No | 5.1 (0.6) | 2.38 (1.77 - 3.19) | |
| Education | |||
| 4y College degree+ | 0.9 (0.2) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 2y College degree | 2.3 (0.4) | 2.54 (1.46 - 4.41) | 2.11 (1.20 - 3.72) |
| Some college | 3.4 (0.4) | 3.83 (2.47 - 5.94) | 2.40 (1.52 - 3.78) |
| HS degree | 3.1 (0.3) | 3.57 (2.37 - 5.39) | 2.78 (1.82 - 4.24) |
| Some HS/GED | 4.9 (0.6) | 5.64 (3.60 - 8.83) | 4.27 (2.67 - 6.83) |
| < HS | 2.5 (0.7) | 2.87 (1.53 - 5.36) | 4.31 (2.27 - 8.19) |
| Household Income | |||
| 70k + | 1.4 (0.2) | 1.0 | + |
| 50-69k | 2.4 (0.3) | 1.68 (1.09 - 2.59) | |
| 30-49k | 2.6 (0.3) | 1.84 (1.26 - 2.67) | |
| 15-29k | 3.5 (0.4) | 2.46 (1.56 - 3.88) | |
| 0-14k | 3.7 (0.4) | 2.66 (1.74 - 4.08) | |
| Occupation | |||
| Professional/Managerial/Technical | 1.4 (0.2) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Sales and Admin Support | 3.3 (0.4) | 2.40 (1.67 - 3.44) | 1.50 (1.04 - 2.19) |
| Laborers | 4.2 (0.6) | 3.11 (2.22 - 4.35) | 1.57 (1.07 - 2.28) |
| Services | 3.7 (0.5) | 2.72 (1.93 - 3.82) | 1.47 (1.02 - 2.13) |
| Other | 2.2 (1.0) | 1.58 (0.59 - 4.24) | 1.02 (0.39 - 2.66) |
| Never in labor force | 2.1 (0.3) | 1.51 (1.08 - 2.10) | 1.64 (1.15 - 2.35) |
| Any Active Mood Disorder§ | |||
| No | 2.5 (0.2) | 1.0 | + |
| Yes | 2.8 (0.5) | 1.11 (0.72 - 1.69) | |
| Any Active Anxiety Disorder§ | |||
| No | 2.6 (0.2) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Yes | 1.8 (0.4) | 0.70 (0.44 - 1.12) | 0.62 (0.39 - 0.99) |
| Any Active SUD§ | |||
| No | 2.3 (0.1) | 1.0 | |
| Yes | 5.8 (0.9) | 2.57 (1.80 - 3.67) | 1.69 (1.17 – 2.44) |
Percentages were weighted and standard errors corrected for the NESARC's complex sampling design using SUDAAN.
OR = odds ratio; 95% CI = 95% confidence interval.
Individuals meeting DSM-IV diagnoses for disorders in the 12 months prior to their interview were considered to have active disorders. Mood disorders included major depression, dysthymia, and mania/hypomania. Anxiety disorders included generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia, social phobia, and specific phobia. Substance use disorders included abuse and/or dependence for alcohol, marijuana, amphetamines, opioids, sedatives, tranquilizers, cocaine, inhalants, hallucinogens, heroin, and other drugs.
Dropped from multivariable model through backward elimination procedure. The reduced model fit significantly better than the full multivariable model (G = 16.6, 6 df, p < 0.02), and inclusion of nonsignficant predictors did not meaningfully alter estimates for those included in the reduced model.