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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biomaterials. 2009 Apr 3;30(19):3259–3270. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.02.035

Figure 9. Pharmacologic smooth muscle contraction.

Figure 9

A) Carbachol (1 × 10-6 M to 1 × 10-4 M) and KCl (80mM) induced contractions in native rat bladder (partial cystectomy group) and in augmented bladder explants from acellular and cell-seeded bladder constructs. B) Mean tissue contraction (± SEM) of the experimental and control bladder grafts after 12 weeks in vivo.