Figure 3. OX40L and IL-25 (IL-17E) maintain chronic allergic responses.
DCs activated by TSLP can expand and activate resident Th2 memory cells that upregulates the expression of proallergic molecules, including IL-25R, cystatin A, Charcot-Leydon crystal protein, and prostaglandin D2 synthase. During chronic allergic inflammation, infiltrated mast cells, eosinophils, basophils, and injured structural cells can produce IL-25 that can further enhance TH2 cytokines production, in particular IL-5 and IL-13 by DC-activated TH2 memory cells.