TABLE 4.
Percentage body fat, waist circumference, BMI-for-age percentile, and percentage of girls aged 5–15 y classified as being overweight for those who consumed <1, ≥1 and <2, or ≥2 servings/d of a sweetened beverage at age 5 y1
|
P value |
||||||||||
| Variable | Frequency of intake2 | Age 5 y | Age 7 y | Age 9 y | Age 11 y | Age 13 y | Age 15 y | Group | Age | Group × age |
| servings/d | ||||||||||
| Body fat (%) | <1 | 20.2 ± 3.63 | 21.4 ± 5.2 | 25.4 ± 6.4 | 26.9 ± 6.9 | 26.4 ± 6.6 | 27.4 ± 5.5 | |||
| ≥1 and <2 | 19.8 ± 3.6 | 20.6 ± 4.5 | 26.8 ± 8.0 | 26.9 ± 7.6 | 26.6 ± 7.1 | 28.1 ± 6.6 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 | |
| ≥2 | 23.9 ± 6.4 | 25.7 ± 7.4 | 31.4 ± 8.1 | 30.9 ± 5.5 | 29.1 ± 6.7 | 29.4 ± 6.0 | ||||
| Waist circumference (cm) | <1 | __4 | 58.8 ± 5.8 | 65.5 ± 7.7 | 71.5 ± 9.7 | 77.0 ± 9.8 | 77.8 ± 9.3 | |||
| ≥1 and <2 | __4 | 58.3 ± 5.3 | 66.4 ± 8.3 | 74.1 ± 11.6 | 79.0 ± 11.1 | 79.1 ± 10.6 | <0.05 | <0.01 | NS | |
| ≥2 | __4 | 63.2 ± 7.9 | 72.5 ± 9.9 | 78.7 ± 10.6 | 83.7 ± 11.8 | 81.6 ± 11.9 | ||||
| BMI-for-age percentile | <1 | 57.6 ± 25.5 | 56.2 ± 27.3 | 60.8 ± 27.3 | 60.1 ± 27.0 | 60.1 ± 26.2 | 60.3 ± 25.5 | |||
| ≥1 and <2 | 56.6 ± 26.6 | 56.3 ± 26.7 | 63.0 ± 26.8 | 63.6 ± 29.4 | 62.4 ± 25.3 | 60.4 ± 23.9 | <0.05 | NS | NS | |
| ≥2 | 70.5 ± 28.9 | 69.4 ± 29.4 | 77.1 ± 22.4 | 75.4 ± 22.5 | 70.6 ± 26.9 | 66.6 ± 25.2 | ||||
| Overweight (%)5 | <1 | 16.1 | 15.1 | 24.2 | 21.7 | 22.2 | 18.5 | |||
| ≥1 and <2 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 29.4 | 29.4 | 19.6 | 18.4 | <0.01 | NS | NS | |
| ≥2 | 38.5 | 46.2 | 46.2 | 53.9 | 46.2 | 32.0 | ||||
1
Mixed modeling analyses of variance were used to generate the data in this table.
2
Frequency of sweetened beverage intake defined at 5 y: <1 (n = 93), ≥1 and <2 (n = 51), ≥2 (n = 26).
3
Mean ± SD (all such values).
4
Data not available.
5
Overweight is defined as ≥85th BMI-for-age percentile (23).