TABLE 2.
Dietary fiber intake (5-g increments) and serum concentrations of menstrual hormones1
|
β (95% CI) |
||
| Model 12 | Model 23 | |
| Total fiber | ||
| Estradiol (pg/mL) | −0.047 (−0.083, −0.011) | −0.049 (−0.087, −0.011) |
| LH (ng/mL) | −0.035 (−0.080, 0.010) | −0.051 (−0.100, −0.002) |
| FSH (nIU/mL) | −0.034 (−0.068, −0.001) | −0.034 (−0.068, 0.005) |
| Progesterone (ng/mL), luteal phase | −0.091 (−0.167, −0.015) | −0.117 (−0.198, −0.037) |
| Soluble fiber | ||
| Estradiol (pg/mL) | −0.238 (−0.389, −0.087) | −0.222 (−0.377, −0.068) |
| LH (ng/mL) | −0.178 (−0.372, 0.0161) | −0.232 (−0.437, −0.027) |
| FSH (nIU/mL) | −0.127 (−0.270, 0.016) | −0.094 (−0.236, 0.049) |
| Progesterone, luteal phase (ng/mL) | −0.296 (−0.610, 0.017) | −0.328 (−0.650, −0.006) |
| Insoluble fiber | ||
| Estradiol (pg/mL) | −0.054 (−0.098, −0.009) | −0.057 (−0.104, −0.010) |
| LH (ng/mL) | −0.029 (−0.086, 0.027) | −0.049 (−0.111, 0.013) |
| FSH (nIU/mL) | −0.036 (−0.078, 0.006) | −0.035 (−0.078, 0.008) |
| Progesterone, luteal phase (ng/mL) | −0.111 (−0.205, −0.016) | −0.146 (−0.245, −0.047) |
| Vegetable fiber | ||
| Estradiol (pg/mL) | −0.024 (−0.087, 0.040) | −0.027 (−0.090, 0.036) |
| LH (ng/mL) | −0.002 (−0.085, 0.081) | −0.010 (−0.094, 0.074) |
| FSH (nIU/mL) | 0.016 (−0.043, 0.074) | 0.008 (−0.049, 0.065) |
| Progesterone, luteal phase (ng/mL) | 0.027 (−0.102, 0.156) | −0.023 (−0.152, 0.107) |
| Grain fiber | ||
| Estradiol (pg/mL) | −0.068 (−0.133, −0.004) | −0.073 (−0.139, −0.007) |
| LH (ng/mL) | −0.016 (−0.099, 0.067) | −0.029 (−0.117, 0.058) |
| FSH (nIU/mL) | −0.059 (−0.119, 0.002) | −0.048 (−0.109, 0.012) |
| Progesterone (ng/mL), luteal phase | −0.154 (−0.287, −0.021) | −0.163 (−0.300, −0.027) |
| Fruit fiber | ||
| Estradiol (pg/mL) | −0.128 (−0.225, −0.031) | −0.104 (−0.200, −0.008) |
| LH (ng/mL) | −0.046 (−0.173, 0.080) | −0.068 (−0.198, 0.061) |
| FSH (nIU/mL) | −0.019 (−0.110, 0.072) | −0.005 (−0.093, 0.084) |
| Progesterone, luteal phase (ng/mL) | −0.288 (−0.484, −0.092) | −0.242 (−0.439, −0.045) |
1
LH, luteinizing hormone; FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone. Analyses were performed by using linear mixed models on the log scale of hormones.
2
Adjusted for energy intake (continuous).
3
Adjusted for energy intake (continuous), race (white, black, other), age (continuous), and vitamin E (continuous).