Regulation of Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Biogenesis by Estrogens/Estrogen Receptors and Physiological, Pathological and Pharmacological Implications

Table 1A: Properties of mtDNA-amn nDNA-encoded Complex I Subunits and complex I Assembly Proteins

Properties			NRF-1 & NRF-2 Binding Sites	Other Factors Binding Sites	Regulated by E2/ERs	References
Complex I Subunits

mtDNA- Encoded		ND1	via Tfam	TFBIM & TFBIM	+	48, 79
		ND2	via Tfam	TFBIM & TFBIM
		ND3	via Tfam	TFBIM & TFBIM
		ND4L	via Tfam	TFBIM & TFBIM
		ND4	via Tfam	TFBIM & TFBIM
		ND5	via Tfam	TFBIM & TFBIM
		ND6	via Tfam	TFBIM & TFBIM

nDNA- Encoed	FP	NDUFV1	NRF-2	Sp1 & YY1		143
		NDUFV2
		NDUFV3

	IP	NDUFS1
		NDUFS2
		NDUFS3
		NDUFS4
		NDUFS5
		NDUFS6
		NDUFS7
		NDUFS8	NRF-1	Sp1 & YY1	+	116
		NDUFA8			+	116, 142

	HP	31 subunits

Nuclear- Encoded Assembly Proteins		CIA30 NDUFAF1 C20orf7 C6orf66

Table 1B: Properties of nDNA-encoded complex II subunits

Properties		NRF-1 & NRF-2 Binding Sites	Other Factors	Regulated By E2/ERs	References
Genes

nDNA- Encode	SDHA	NRF-1	NA		122
	SDHB	NRF-1; NRF-2	N/A	+	116, 120
	SDHC	NRF-1; NRF-2	N/A		18
	SDHD	NRF-1; NRF-2	N/A		121

	CytC	NRF-1, NRF-2		+	67, 118

Table 1C: Properties of mtDNA and nDNA encoded Complex III Subunits and Assembly Proteins

Properties		NRF-1/NRF-2 Binding Sites	Other Factors Binding Sites	Regulated by E2/ERs	References
Complex III Subunits

mtDNA- Encoded	Cytb	via Tfam	TFBIM & TFBIIM	+	48

nDNA- Encoded	QCR6	N/A	N/A
	QCR8	N/A	N/A
	QCR9	N/A	N/A	+	116
	QCR10	N/A	N/A

nDNA- Encoded Assembly Proteins	QCR7	N/A	N/A
	BCSIL	N/A	N/A

Table 1D: Properties of mtDNA and nDNA encoded Complex IV Subunits and complex IV Assembly Proteins

Properties		NRF-1 & NRF-2 Binding Sites	Other Factors Binding Sites	Regulated By E₂/ERs	References
Complex IV Subunits

mtDNA- Encoded	COXI	via Tfam	TFBIM & TFBIIM	+	48, 51, 53,55, 67, 69
	COXII	via Tfam	TFBIM & TFBIIM	+	48, 51, 53, 55
	COXIII	via Tfam	TFBIM & TFBIIM	+	48, 51, 53, 55

nDNA- Encoded	COXIV	NRF-1; NRF-2	Sp1	+	67, 76, 79,130, 135, 136
	COXVa	NRF-1; NRF-2		+	115, 130, 135, 136
	COXVb	NRF-1; NRF-2	Sp1, Ets; NF-E1	+	126, 127, 130, 135, 136
	COXVIb	NRF-1; NRF-2		+	130, 135, 136
	COXVIc	NRF-1, NRF-2		+	130, 135, 136
	COXVIIb	NRF-1, NRF-2		+	130, 135, 136
	COXVIIc	NRF-1, NRF-2		+	130, 135, 136
	COXVIII	NRF-1, NRF-2		+	128, 133, 134

	COXVIa(L)	NRF-1; NRF-2	Sp1, YY-1,Est		124
	COXVIa(H)		MEF2A
	COXVIIa(L)	NRF-1; NRF-2	Sp1
	COXIIa(H)		MEF2A	+	116, 137
	COXVIII(H/L)

nDNA- Encoded Assembly Proteins	COX17p	NRF-1; NRF-2	Sp1		128
	SCO1
	SCO2
	SURF1
	COX11
	COX15

Table 1E: Properties of mtDNA and nDNA encoded ATP Synthase Subunits and Assembly Proteins

Properties			NRF-1/NRF-2 Binding Sites	Other Factors Binding Sites	Regulated By E2/ERs	References
F0-F1 ATP Synthase Subunits

mtDNA- Encoded		ATP6	via Tfam	TFBIM & TFBIIM	+	48
mtDNA- Encoded		ATP8	via Tfam	TFBIM & TFBIIM	+	48

nDNA- Encoded	F0	Inhibitor
		protein
		a
		b
		c
		d			+	116
		e			+	116
		f			+	115
		g			+	115
		OSCP
		J			+	114
		F6
		A6L

	F1	Alpha(α)	ATPF1, YY-1
		Beta(β)			+	116
		Gamma(γ)	NRF-1			142
		Delta(δ)
		Epsilon(ε)			+	114

	Stalk	45-A

nDNA- Encoded Assembly Proteins		Oxal ATP12 TMEM70

Table 1.