Table 3.
Single and multiple logistic regression predicting depression by demographic features, vascular co-morbidity, clinical and lifestyle characteristics, and psychosocial factors in insulin-naive diabetes patients (n = 1,269)
| Variable | Single logistic regression models (OR, 95% CI) | Multiple logistic regression models (method backwards) (OR, 95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
| Demographic features | ||
| Age | 0.99 (0.98–1.01) | |
| Female sex | 2.25 (1.54–3.29)a | 3.29 (2.08–5.18)a |
| Being single | 1.48 (0.99–2.20) | |
| Low education | 1.72 (1.13–2.62)* | |
| Vascular co-morbidities | ||
| 0 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1 | 0.92 (0.60–1.42) | 1.07 (0.64–1.77) |
| 2 | 1.63 (1.00–2.66)* | 2.50 (1.40–4.46)a |
| ≥3 | 1.21 (0.61–2.41) | 2.23 (1.01–4.93)* |
| Clinical and lifestyle factors | ||
| Treatment with oral hypoglycaemic medication | 1.11 (0.70–1.76) | |
| Higher HbA1c | 1.03 (0.83–1.28) | |
| Higher BMI | 0.99 (0.95–1.03) | |
| Current smoker | 1.57 (1.00–2.46)* | 2.31 (1.37–3.91)a |
| Alcohol intake >14 consumptions/week | 0.55 (0.24–1.29) | |
| Psychosocial factors | ||
| Lower social support | 1.26 (1.19–1.35)a | 1.29 (1.20–1.38)a |
| Recent stressful life event | 2.55 (1.78–3.66)a | 2.24 (1.47–3.40)a |
aSignificant odds ratio after Bonferroni correction (p < 0.0033; α = 0.05/15 tests = 0.0033)
*Significant odds ratio (p < 0.05)