Table 3.
Mean (SD) scores for CERAD verbal fluency (animal naming) test by demographic status and site
| Country | |||||||||||
| Cuba | DR | Peru | Venezuela | Mexico | China | India | |||||
| Urban | Urban | Urban | Rural | Urban | Urban | Rural | Urban | Rural | Urban | Rural | |
| Age | |||||||||||
| 65 - 69 | 18.1 (6.2) | 15.0 (4.8) | 19.3 (5.5) | 17.1 (4.9) | 20.1 (6.3) | 16.9 (5.1) | 14.9 (4.2) | 17.3 (4.6) | 16.2 (5.7) | 8.9 (3.3) | 10.4 (3.6) |
| 70 - 74 | 16.9 (5.8) | 14.2 (4.9) | 18.2 (5.3) | 16.1 (5.1) | 18.0 (6.0) | 15.7 (5.1) | 14.1 (4.4) | 16.8 (4.7) | 15.8 (5.1) | 8.6 (3.4) | 10.1 (3.8) |
| 75 - 79 | 15.9 (5.4) | 13.7 (4.3) | 16.9 (4.8) | 15.2 (3.7) | 16.8 (5.7) | 15.2 (4.8) | 13.0 (4.5) | 16.3 (4.5) | 14.1 (5.2) | 8.4 (3.3) | 9.5 (3.3) |
| 80+ | 14.7 (5.6) | 12.3 (4.4) | 14.3 (5.1) | 14.4 (5.0) | 14.8 (5.8) | 14.3 (5.1) | 13.0 (4.6) | 15.8 (4.8) | 13.1 (5.0) | 7.4 (2.5) | 9.1 (4.4) |
| Crude β (95% C.I.) |
-1.1 (-1.3 to -0.9) |
-0.9 (-1.1 to -0.7) |
-1.6 (-1.9 to -1.3) |
-0.9 (-1.3 to -0.5) |
-1.7 (-2.0 to -1.4) |
-0.8 (-1.1 to -0.5) |
-0.7 (-1.0 to -0.5) |
-0.5 (-0.8 to -0.3) |
-1.0 (-1.4 to -0.7) |
-0.4 (-0.6 to -0.2) |
-0.4 (-0.7 to -0.2) |
| Adj. β1 (95% C.I.) |
-0.7 (-0.9 to -0.5) |
-0.8 (-1.0-0.6) |
-1.4 (-1.7 to -1.2) |
-0.8 (-1.2 to -0.5) |
-1.4 (-1.7 to -1.1) |
-0.6 (-0.9 to -0.2) |
-0.7 (-0.9 to -0.4) |
-0.5 (-0.8 to -0.3) |
-0.7 (-1.1 to -0.4) |
-0.4 (-0.6 to -0.1) |
-0.4 (-0.6 to -0.2) |
| Sex | |||||||||||
| Females | 15.9 (5.6) | 13.5 (4.5) | 17.2 (5.3) | 15.6 (4.7) | 18.1 (6.2) | 15.5 (5.1) | 13.5 (4.3) | 16.1 (4.6) | 14.8 (5.1) | 8.1 (3.1) | 9.3 (3.7) |
| Males | 17.7 (6.3) | 14.6 (5.1) | 17.8 (5.9) | 16.2 (5.0) | 18.7 (6.6) | 16.1 (5.2) | 14.4 (4.7) | 17.4 (4.6) | 15.9 (5.9) | 9.4 (3.5) | 10.7 (3.6) |
| Crude β (95% C.I.) |
1.8 (1.4 to 2.3) |
1.1 (0.6 to 1.6) |
0.5 (-0.1 to 1.2) |
0.6 (-0.2 to 1.4) |
0.6 (0.0 to 1.2) |
0.6 (-0.1 to 1.3) |
0.9 (0.3 to 1.5) |
1.2 (0.7 to 1.8) |
1.1 (0.4 to 1.8) |
1.3 (0.9 to 1.8) |
1.4 (1.0 to 1.9) |
| Adj. β2 (95% C.I.) |
1.3 (0.9 to 1.7) |
0.9 (0.4 to 1.3) |
0.5 (-0.1 to 1.1) |
0.5 (-0.3 to 1.3) |
0.2 (-0.4 to 0.8) |
0.6 (-0.1 to 1.2) |
0.9 (0.4 to 1.5) |
0.8 (0.3 to 1.4) |
-0.1 (-0.8 to 0.7) |
0.9 (0.4 to 1.3) |
0.9 (0.4 to 1.3) |
| Education | |||||||||||
| No Ed. | 13.6 (4.5) | 12.8 (4.3) | 14.3 (4.5) | 13.4 (4.1) | 14.8 (5.0) | 14.0 (4.4) | 12.6 (4.0) | 15.3 (4.4) | 14.3 (5.1) | 7.7 (3.1) | 9.3 (3.6) |
| Some Ed. | 13.9 (5.0) | 13.4 (4.4) | 14.7 (4.6) | 15.7 (5.0) | 16.7 (6.6) | 14.5 (4.7) | 14.1 (4.5) | 15.2 (5.1) | 14.3 (5.1) | 8.9 (3.4) | 10.3 (3.3) |
| Primary | 15.6 (5.28) | 14.8 (5.0) | 16.1 (4.9) | 16.5 (4.5) | 18.8 (6.1) | 16.2 (4.9) | 14.8 (4.2) | 17.1 (4.4) | 17.5 (5.7) | 10.0 (3.0) | 12.0 (3.2) |
| Secondary | 17.2 (5.5) | 15.8 (5.2) | 17.7 (5.6) | 16.9 (6.3) | 19.7 (6.0) | 18.1 (4.3) | 18.0 (4.5) | 17.6 (4.2) | 17.6 (6.4) | 10.3 (3.5) | 14.0 (4.1) |
| Tertiary | 20.7 (6.4) | 16.8 (5.7) | 19.7 (5.7) | 16.1 (6.2) | 21.7 (7.3) | 19.4 (6.0) | 18.3 (5.0) | 17.2 (5.2) | 17.6 (2.7) | 9.7 (3.03) | 16.0 (2.8) |
| Crude β (95% C.I.) |
1.9 (1.7 to 2.1) |
0.7 (0.6 to 0.9) |
1.4 (1.2 to 1.7) |
0.8 (0.4 to 1.1) |
1.2 (0.9 to 1.4) |
1.1 (0.9 to 1.3) |
0.9 (0.7 to 1.1) |
0.5 (0.4 to 0.7) |
0.9 (0.7 to 1.1) |
0.5 (0.4 to 0.6) |
0.9 (0.7 to 1.1) |
| Adj. β3 (95% C.I.) |
1.6 (1.4 to 1.8) |
0.6 (0.4 to 0.8) |
1.1 (0.8 to 1.4) |
0.6 (0.3 to 0.9) |
1.3 (1.1 to 1.6) |
1.0 (0.8 to 1.2) |
0.8 (0.6 to 1.1) |
0.4 (0.2 to 0.6) |
0.7 (0.5 to 1.0) |
0.4 (0.3 to 0.6) |
0.8 (0.5 to 1.0) |
DR = Dominican Republic
1. Adjusted for sex and education
2. Adjusted for age and education
3. Adjusted for age and sex