Fig. 2.

CD40 expression by myeloid dendritic cells (mDC). More cultured and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated, but not freshly isolated (data not shown) mDC, express CD40 in IBD compared with healthy controls. Bar graphs summarize data from 10 patients or controls in each category. HC, healthy control; RM, remission; FU, flare-up. Asterisks denote statistical significance *P < 0·05, **P < 0·01, ***P < 0·001. (a) Ulcerative colitis. Cultured (top) and cultured with LPS (bottom). (b) Crohn's disease. Cultured (top) and cultured with LPS (bottom).