Representative photomicrographs of renal papillary antigen-1 (RPA-1) immunoreactivity in kidneys of rats treated with nephrotoxicants. RPA-1 expression was located predominantly in the medullary collecting duct (CD) epithelial cells (A) and sporadically in the cortical CD epithelial cells (B) in rats treated with saline, iv, for 24 hours. Treatment of rats with gentamicin (Gen) 50 mg/kg, sc, daily for 3 days did not change RPA-1 expression in the medullary CD epithelial cells (C), but RPA-1 appeared in proximal tubular epithelial cells (D). Treatment of rats with high doses of Gen, 300 mg, kg sc, daily for 3 days did not induce significant changes in medullary RPA-1 expression (E), but did result in enhanced S1/S2 segment expression (F). Rats treated with mercury 0.25 mg/kg, iv, for 24 hours expressed RPA-1 in the S3 segments (G). RPA-1 expression was noted in the S1/S2 segments in rats treated with chromium 5 mg/kg, sc, for 24 hours (H). Original magnification of all figures: ×400, except figures (A, C, E): ×50.