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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Microbes Infect. 2009 May 7;11(8-9):811–819. doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2009.04.021

Figure 4. Circulating anti-inflammatory cytokine profiles in children with naturally-acquired pfHz.

Figure 4

Children with malarial anemia (Hb<11.0 g/dL) were stratified based on PCM level as follows: PCM(-) (0%, n=97); low PCM (≤10%, n=41); moderate PCM (>10<26.7%, n=28); and high PCM (≥26.7%, n=28). Data are presented as box plots, where the box represents the interquartile range, the line through the box represents the median, whiskers indicate the 10th and 90th percentiles, and the open circles represent outliers. (A) Plasma IL-10 levels (pg/mL) differed in children with varying PCM levels (P=0.010, Kruskal-Wallis test). IL-10 levels decreased in the high PCM group relative to the low (P=0.008, post-hoc Mann-Whitney U-test with the Bonferroni correction). (B) Plasma IL-4 (pg/mL) concentrations were not significantly different across the groups (P=0.568, Kruskal-Wallis test). (C) IL-13 levels (pg/mL) were also not significantly different across the groups (P=0.741, Kruskal-Wallis test).