Table 5.

Frequency of mutations in genes associated with resistance to chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in Plasmodium falciparum from asymptomatic infections from lowland and highland sites of Western Kenya.

				Lowland		Highland
Gene	Mutation	Polymorphism	Chemelil	Miwani	Kisian	Iguhu06
pfcrt	K76T	Mutant	0.76	0.65	0.50	0.78
		Mixed	0.12	0.20	0.39	0.06
		Wild-type	0.12	0.15	0.11	0.16
pfmdr1	N86Y	Mutant	0.37	0.47	0.26	0.24
		Mixed	0.37	0.45	0.55	0.46
		Wild-type	0.26	0.08	0.19	0.30
	Y184F	Mutant	0	0	0	0.00
		Mixed	0.71	0.72	0.55	0.70
		Wild-type	0.29	0.28	0.45	0.30
	N1042D	Mutant	0	0	0	0
		Mixed	0	0	0	0
		Wild-type	100	1.00	100	100
	D1246Y	Mutant	0.58	0.42	0.12	0.54
		Mixed	0.38	0.48	0.82	0.37
		Wild-type	0.04	0.10	0.06	0.09
pfdhfr	N51I	Mutant	0.86	0.75	0.90	1.00
		Mixed	0.07	0.22	0.07	0
		Wild-type	0.07	0.03	0.03	0
	C59R	Mutant	0.86	0.67	0.69	0
		Mixed	0.07	0.33	0.16	1.00
		Wild-type	0.07	0	0.15	0
	S108N	Mutant	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
		Mixed	0	0	0	0
		Wild-type	0	0	0	0
pfdhps	A437G	Mutant	0.04	0.09	0.84	0.73
		Mixed	0.96	0.85	0.03	0.10
		Wild-type	0	0.06	0.13	0.17
	K540E	Mutant	0.43	0.75	0.07	0.36
		Mixed	0.36	0.17	0.72	0.36
		Wild-type	0.21	0.08	0.21	0.28