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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Biomed Eng. 2009 Aug 6;37(10):2018–2027. doi: 10.1007/s10439-009-9768-0

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Confocal microscopy images of nuclear import of fluorescently labeled streptavidin into digitonin-permeabilized cells. (a) The positive result of Tat-peptide mediated nuclear import of dye-labeled streptavidin without the addition of cytoplasmic extracts or ATP regenerating system. (b) NLS-peptide conjugated, dye-labeled streptavidin was not able to enter the nuclei of digitonin-permeabilized cells without the addition of cytoplasmic extracts or ATP regenerating system. (c) WGA was not effective in blocking the import of the Tat-conjugated streptavidin complex. The digitonin-permeabilized cells were pre-treated with WGA of 1 mg/mL concentration for 10 min. In all the import assays, the permeabilized cells were incubated with 1 μM of the Tat-conjugated fluorescent streptavidin for 30 min at 37 °C. (d) NLS-peptide conjugated, dye labeled streptavidin was able to enter the nuclei of digitonin-permeabilized cells with the addition of ATP and other nuclear transport factors. Scale bar represents 20 μm.