Table 1.
Demographic and clinical variables, information on Spectrum Measures and relevant statistics (mean, standard deviation, minimum-maximum scores)
| Bipolar individuals | Healthy individuals | Statistics | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 14 | 16 | n/a | |
| Handedness | Right | Right | n/a | |
| Gender (female; male) | 8; 6 | 8; 8 | X2 = 0.14; p = 0.73 | |
| Age in years (Mean±SD; range) | 32.64 ± 9.92; 23–52 | 28.50 ± 9.28; 18–52 | t = −1.18; p = 0.24 | |
| NART (Mean ± SD; range) | 111.77 ± 8.85; 92–121.58 | 118.08 ± 5.39; 101.11–125.14 | t = 2.36*; p = 0.026 | |
| Illness duration in years (Mean ± SD; range) year | 11.69 ± 6.32; 2–26 | n/a | n/a | |
| Age-of-Illness onset (Mean ± SD; range) | 22.00 ±8.99; 12–44 | n/a | n/a | |
| HAM-D (version 25) (Mean ± SD; range) | 3.0 ± 4.843; 0–18 | n/a | n/a | |
| YMRS (Mean ± SD; range) | 1.54 ± 2.60; 0–9 | n/a | n/a | |
| Spectrum measures | ||||
| Eating disorder | 42.57 ± 35.22; | 17.00 ± 15.63; | t = −2.19; | |
| (Mean ± SD; minimum-maximum) | 1–96 | 6–52 | p = 0.04 | |
| Substance use | 34.71 ± 27.20; | 18.27±15.78; | t = −2.17; | |
| (Mean ± SD; minimum-maximum) | 8–97 | 0–54 | p = 0.04 | |
| Medication - BD individuals only | ||||
| Mood-stabilizers | Antipsychotics | Antidepressants | Anxiolytics | |
| Name of medication; number of bipolar individuals taking | 1Lithium; n = 3 | 7Risperidone; n = 2 | 15Bupropion; n = 1 | 10Lorazepam; n = 3 |
| 6Valproate; n = 2 | 2Aripiprazole; n = 6 | 12Sertraline; n = 1 | 4Clonazepam; n = 1 | |
| 5Lamotrigine; n = 1 | 11Quetiapine; n = 1 | 9Paroxetine; n = 1 | ||
| 14Carbamazepine; n = 1 | 3Olanzapine; n = 1 | 13Venlafaxine; n = 2 | ||
| 8Gabapentin; n = 1 | ||||
| Monotherapy | N = 1 (1) | N = 3 (2) | N = 0 | N = 0 |
| Combination treatment | ||||
| Mood-stabilizers and antipsychotic | N = 1 (2 5 6) | |||
| Mood-stabilizers, antipsychotic, antidepressant and anxiolytic | N = 1 (1 2 7 8 9 10) | |||
| Mood-stabilizers and antidepressant | N = 2 (1 6 13) | |||
| Mood-stabilizers, antidepressant and anxiolytic | N = 1 (1 2 7 8 9 10) | |||
| Antipsychotics and antidepressants | N = 1 (11 12) | |||
| Antipsychotics and anxiolytics | N = 2 (2 3 4 7 10) | |||
Illness history information (illness duration; age-of-illness onset; HAM-D and YMRS scores) and medication information for bipolar individuals. Names/types of medication and the number of bipolar patients who took these combinations. Numbers in superscript denote types of medication taken in either mono-therapies or combination treatment.