Figure 2.

Results of alanine scanning mutagenesis on the binding of the long cytoplasmic domain of CEACAM1 with β-catenin. The wild type sequence of the long cytoplasmic domain is shown on the x-axis and the results of a quantitative yeast two-hybrid assay (± SED, 4 replicates) shown on the y-axis. Red bars. minus bait; blue bars, plus bait; Δ, truncated version (451–484) of the long cytoplasmic domain; Φ, wild type version of CEACAM1 long cytoplasmic domain; Γ, 1-60hTcf-4 as the positive control. Except for mutants H469A, K470A, and D479A, P < 0.001 (bait vs. no bait); thus, identifying these 3 residues as hot spots for binding β-catenin.