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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Sep 17.
Published in final edited form as: Atherosclerosis. 2007 Apr 6;195(1):e65–e75. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.02.032

Figure 2.

Figure 2

VSMC calcification by OCPC method (see Methods) after incubation with DMSO (control, C) or insulin (I), with or without wortmannin (W), PD98059 (PD), or U0126 (U), in either normal phosphate (1.014 mM) or high phosphate (2 mM, Pi) medium for 8–10 days(n=5). A. Insulin alone in normal phosphate medium did not affect VSMC calcification. Wortmannin and PD98059 each markedly increased VSMC calcification (*p<0.05 vs. I). B. High phosphate medium increased VSMC calcification markedly while insulin attenuated this (#p<0.05 vs. Pi). Insulin was unable to protect against calcification induced by high phosphate medium in the presence of wortmannin, PD98059 or U0126 (**p<0.05 vs. Pi+I).