Schematic of a polymer chip (a) including a waveguide and a fluid filled lens (b). A side view (c) shows the three-layered device, with darkest shading representing the highest refractive index PDMS and the lightest shading representing the low-index cladding layers [59]. Reprinted with permission from J. Godin, V. Lien, and Y. H. Lo, Applied Physics Letters, 89, 061106 (2006).