Table 1.
Sample Demographic and Clinical Characteristics (N=285)
| Normal Control | Bipolar Spectrum | |
|---|---|---|
| (n=153) | (n=132) | |
| Age | 19.64 (1.84) | 19.66 (1.63) |
| Gender | ||
| Female | 58.8% | 60.6% |
| Ethnicity | ||
| Caucasian | 77.9% | 75.0% |
| African American | 8.8% | 14.0% |
| Hispanic | 3.5% | 4.0% |
| Asian | 1.8% | 1.0% |
| Native American | 0.0% | 1.0% |
| Other | 8.0% | 5.0% |
| BAS Total*** | 37.85 (5.12) | 40.96 (5.34) |
| BAS Drive*** | 10.42 (2.38) | 11.57 (2.34) |
| BAS Reward* | 16.41 (1.93) | 19.98 (1.98) |
| BAS Fun-seeking*** | 10.99 (2.26) | 12.42 (2.38) |
| BIS | 20.15 (3.14) | 20.83 (3.75) |
| Impulsive Nonconformity*** | 9.50 (6.56) | 17.42 (8.63) |
| Lifetime Substance Diagnosis (any)1 | ||
| Yes | -- | 24.5% |
| No | -- | 75.5% |
| MAST-DAST average*** | 1.91 (0.89) | 2.53 (1.26) |
Note: Means are presented with standard deviations in parentheses.
1
Individuals with a lifetime history of substance abuse/dependence were screened out of the normal control group. Thus, lifetime history of substance dependence is not reported for the normal control group.
*
p<.05
**
p<.01
***
p<.001