A. BMDM from indicated mouse strains were cultured with SFM or LCM and IL-6 production was measured (m: mutant allele; averages ± s.d., n=3, presented as % of WT LCM-stimulated value). B. BMDM were treated with LCM or LPS (100 ng ml−1). Cell lysates were examined for kinase phosphorylation (P) and IκBα degradation by immunoblotting. Total ERK and HSP90 are loading controls. C. BMDM from indicated mouse strains were cultured with LCM or Pam3CSK4 (1 ng ml−1), and IL-6 production was measured (averages ± s.d., n=4). D. RNA was extracted from lungs of WT or Tlr2−/− mice at indicated times after LLC inoculation (2×105 cells). mRNAs were quantitated as above and the amounts in non-inoculated WT or Tlr2−/− lungs were given a value of 1.0 [averages ± s.e.m., n=3; *, p<0.05; **, p<0.005 (compared to WT) by Student’s t test].