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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Immunotherapy. 2009 Mar 1;1(2):281–288. doi: 10.2217/1750743X.1.2.281

Figure 1. Postulated mechanism of action of bacillus Calmette–Guerin.

Figure 1

(A) BCG infection of urothelial cells leads to the release of cytokines, such as IL-8. (B) Neutrophils compose the early responding cells to BCG; BCG stimulates release of TRAIL in addition to chemotactic factors. (C) Inflammatory effector cells, such as T cells and macrophages, respond to the neutrophil-secreted chemotactic signals. (D) Cytotoxic cells and TRAIL lead to tumor apoptosis.

BCG: Bacille Calmette–Guerin; TRAIL: TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand.