Table 1. Main Characteristics of the Three Study Groups.
| Characteristics* | Brushing Group (N=98) |
Extraction-Amoxicillin Group (N=96) |
Extraction-Placebo Group (N=96) |
All Subjects (N=290) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age—year | 39.7 (11.7) | 39.7 (10.5) | 40.5 (10.9) | 40.0(11) |
| Male sex—no. (%) | 55 (56) | 61 (64) | 51 (53) | 167 (58) |
| Ethnicity—no. (%) | ||||
| Caucasian | 27 (28) | 18 (19) | 23 (24) | 68 (23) |
| African-American | 68 (69) | 73 (76) | 73 (76) | 213 (73) |
| Hispanic | 2 (2) | 3 (3) | 1 (1) | 6 (2) |
| Other | 1 (1) | 2 (2) | 0 (0) | 3 (1) |
| Body-Mass Index† | 29.0 (7.95) | 29.5 (7.60) | 28.1 (7.95) | 28.9 (7.83) |
| Range | (18.5, 59.97) | (18.5, 60.14) | (16.6, 59.05) | (16.6, 60.14) |
| Diabetes—no. (%) | 5 (5) | 9 (9) | 8 (8) | 22 (8) |
| Surgery Type—no. (%) | ||||
| Simple | 83 (87) | 70 (73) | 153 (53) | |
| Complex | 9 (9) | 18 (19) | 27 (9) | |
| Missing | 4 (4) | 8 (8) | 12 (4) | |
| Extraction Time (minutes) | 6.52 (10.76) | 7.93 (10.48) | ||
| Range | (0.75, 58) | (0.5, 51) | ||
| Mean pocket depth1 | ||||
| Mean (StdDev) | 3.54 (1.17) | 3.63 (1.12) | 3.38 (1.07) | 3.51 (1.13) |
| Range | (1.83, 8.57) | (1.85, 7.89) | (1.83, 6.92) | (1.83, 8.57) |
| Calculus Index2 | ||||
| Mean (StdDev) | 1.32 (0.86) | 1.31 (0.74) | 1.20 (0.78) | 1.28 (0.80) |
| Range | (0, 3) | (0, 3) | (0, 2.84) | (0, 3) |
| Gingival Index3 | ||||
| Mean (StdDev) | 1.97 (0.68) | 2.00 (0.66) | 1.82 (0.76) | 1.93 (0.71) |
| Range | (0.22, 3) | (0.34, 3) | (0.15, 3) | (0.15, 3) |
| Plaque Index4 | ||||
| Mean (StdDev) | 1.68 (0.75) | 1.61 (0.70) | 1.50 (0.73) | 1.60 (0.73) |
| Range | (0, 3) | (0, 3) | (0.07, 3) | (0, 3) |
Continuous values are means ± SD.
The body-mass index is the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters.
One subject each in the amoxicillin and placebo groups had well controlled IDDM; the remaining 20 subjects had non-IDDM.
Mean Pocket Depth=mean periodontal pocket depth for all remaining teeth
Calculus Index
0 = no calculus. 1 = supragingival calculus extending slightly below the free gingival margin (not more than 1 mm). 2 = moderate amount of supra- and subgingival calculus or subgingival calculus alone. 3 = abundance of supra- and subgingival calculus.
Each tooth was measured from the mesial and mesiobuccal sites with the average representing the tooth score. The mean of all tooth scores represents the calculus index.
Gingival Index
0 = normal gingiva. 1 = mild inflammation, a slight change in color and edema, and no bleeding on probing. 2 = moderate inflammation, redness, edema, and bleeding on probing. 3 = severe inflammation, marked redness and edema, ulcerations and a tendency toward spontaneous bleeding. The gingival tissue of each tooth was examined at the distofacial papilla, mesiofacial papilla, facial margin and lingual margin.
A mean score for these four areas was obtained for each tooth. The mean value of all tooth scores represents the gingival index.
Plaque Index
0 = no plaque in the gingival area. 1 = no plaque visible by the unaided eye, but plaque is visible on the probe after moved across the gingival crevice. 2 = gingival area covered with a thin to moderately thick layer of plaque visible to the naked eye. 3 = heavy plaque accumulation and soft debris in the interdental area.
Four surfaces (mesial, distal, facial and lingual) were recorded with the average value calculated for each tooth. The mean of tooth scores represents the plaque index.