Table 3.
Candidate Gene Studies with Little or No Independent Replication
| Gene | Polymorphism | Author | Year | Sample size | Population | Diabetes | Adjustment/ Matching for confounders | Significance | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ACE | I/D | Matsumoto et.al(66) | 2000 | 210 | Japanese | 2 | Yes | P=0.036 | Multiple (>10) negative studies.(27;87-89) |
| MTHFR | C677T | Maeda et.al(67) | 2003 | 156 | Japanese | 2 | Yes | P=0.03 | Several negative studies.(45;90) |
| GLUT1 | Xbal | Liu et.al.(68) | 1999 | 255 | Chinese | 2 | No | Weak | Associated with nephropathy.(68;91) Several negative studies.(92) |
| PAI-1 | 4G/5G | Nagi at.al(69) | 1997 | 167 | Pima Indians | 2 | Yes | P=0.04 | Several negative studies.(93) |
| α2β1 Integrin | BgIII | Matsubara et.al(70) | 2000 | 227 | Japanese | 2 | Yes | P=0.0036 | A few positive studies.(27;94) |
| APOE | ε4 | Santos(71) | 2002 | 58 | Mexican | 2 | No | P<0.05 | Weak association with macular edema in this study. Many negative studies.(95) |
| PPARG | Pro12Ala | Malecki(80) | 2008 | 359 | Caucasian | 2 | Yes | P=0.014 | Protective association with diabetic retinopathy. Several negative studies.(81;82) |