Fig. 5.

Solution to the ODE model and one sample path of the CTMC model for the spillover species in its preferred habitat ($A_s$) and in the boundary region ($A_b$). In the ODE model, ${\overline{A}}_s=0.07$ and ${\overline{A}}_b=0.02$, whereas, in the CTMC model, the values for the random variables $A_s$ and $A_b$ lie in the set $\{0,1,2,\dots \}$. Initial values and parameter values are the same as those in Fig. 4.