Figure 2.

ER stress and UPR. (A) UPR signaling outline (figure adapted from ³⁰). (B) ER stress marker HSPA5 gene and protein (78 kDa) expression in aortic arch, AA, normalized to descending thoracic aorta, DT, for each paired sample based on their animal origin. Gene (n=6 paired samples) and protein (n=12 paired samples) expression was normalized to GAPDH and β-actin, respectively. Values > 1.0 indicate higher expression in AA. Data represent mean±SEM.*p≤0.05 one-sample, one sided, paired Wilcoxon test.