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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Sep 21.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Neurosci. 2007 Jul 16;30(8):399–406. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2007.06.006

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Following a history of ethanol dependence induced by exposure to ethanol vapor, long-lasting neuroadaptations lead to the induction of excessive levels of voluntary alcohol consumption. (a) Post-dependent neuroadaptations can be induced by intermittently exposing animals to intoxicating alcohol levels over 7 weeks, and then allowing them to recover for 3 weeks to eliminate acute withdrawal. (b) A behavioral hallmark of the post-dependent phenotype is a marked and persistent upregulation of voluntary ethanol intake compared with animals that have been exposed to air only. Data taken from Ref. [22].