Molecular basis of HE substrate specificity. (A) Enzymatic activity of BToV and PToV HE and their derivatives toward O-acetylated Sias of bovine submaxillary mucin (BSM) as determined by GC-MS. The extent of enzymatic de-O-acetylation (expressed in percentages on the y axis) was calculated by integrating mass-chromatogram surfaces of peaks corresponding to Neu5,9Ac2 and Neu5,7,9Ac3 in BSM samples that had been either mock treated or HE treated for different amounts of time (x axis). Open squares, Neu5,9Ac2; closed circles, Neu5,7,9Ac3. (B) Esterase activity toward the synthetic substrate pNPA.