Table 2.
Decomposition of Effects in Path Model
| Predictor | Dependent Variable | Total Effect |
Total Effect |
Indirect Effect |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mothers’ education | Employment status | .30** | .30** | -- |
| Earnings | .19** | -- | .19** | |
| Depressive symptoms T1 | −.04* | -- | −.04* | |
| Depressive symptoms T2 | -- | -- | -- | |
| Parenting efficacy T1 | .20* | .18* | .02* | |
| Parenting efficacy T2 | .12* | -- | .12* | |
| Problem behaviors T1 | −.14** | -- | −.14** | |
| Problem behaviors T2 | −.10* | -- | −.10* | |
| Adaptive language | .21* | .18* | .03* | |
| Employment status | Employment status | .62** | .62 ** | -- |
| Depressive symptoms T1 | −.13* | -- | −.13* | |
| Depressive symptoms T2 | −.07* | -- | −.07* | |
| Parenting efficacy T1 | .06* | -- | .06* | |
| Parenting efficacy T2 | .05* | -- | .05* | |
| Problem behaviors T1 | −.21* | −.19* | −.02* | |
| Problem behaviors T2 | −.12* | -- | −.12* | |
| Adaptive language | .04* | -- | .04* | |
| Earnings | Depressive symptoms T1 | −.21* | −.21* | -- |
| Depressive symptoms T2 | −.11* | -- | −.11* | |
| Parenting efficacy T1 | .10* | -- | .10* | |
| Parenting efficacy T2 | .08* | -- | .08* | |
| Problem behaviors T1 | −.04* | -- | −.04* | |
| Problem behaviors T2 | −.04* | -- | −.04* | |
| Adaptive language | -- | -- | -- | |
| Depressive symptoms T1 | Depressive symptoms T2 | .54** | .54** | -- |
| Parenting efficacy T1 | −.46** | −.46** | -- | |
| Parenting efficacy T2 | −.37** | -- | −.37** | |
| Problem behaviors T1 | .19** | -- | .19** | |
| Problem behaviors T2 | .17** | -- | .17** | |
| Adaptive language | −.05* | -- | −.05* | |
| Depressive symptoms T2 | Parenting efficacy T1 | -- | -- | -- |
| Parenting efficacy T2 | −.18* | −.18* | -- | |
| Behavior problems T1 | -- | -- | -- | |
| Behavior problems T2 | -- | -- | -- | |
| Adaptive language | -- | -- | -- | |
| Parenting efficacy T1 | Parenting efficacy T2 | .58** | .58** | -- |
| Problem behaviors T1 | −.41** | −.41** | -- | |
| Problem behaviors T2 | −.33** | -- | −.33** | |
| Adaptive language | .10** | -- | .10** | |
| Parenting efficacy T2 | Problem behaviors T1 | -- | -- | -- |
| Problem behaviors T2 | −.18* | −.18* | -- | |
| Adaptive language | .05* | -- | .05* | |
| Problem behaviors T1 | Problem behaviors T2 | .55** | .55** | -- |
| Adaptive language | −.17** | -- | −.17** | |
| Problem behaviors T2 | Adaptive language | −.30** | −.30** | -- |
*
p < .05.
**
p < .01.
-- = nonsignificant.