Table 2.
Relative differences in CRP and IL-6 levels in each education or income category as compared to the highest education or income category (referent category), respectively.
| CRP |
White Females Model: |
Black Females Model: |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Education category: | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| ≤ HS degree | 1.35 | 0.98 | 0.93 | 0.94 | 1.53 | 1.38 | 1.32 | 1.32 |
| AA degree/equivalent | 1.27 | 0.92 | 0.89 | 0.90 | 1.71 | 1.41 | 1.38 | 1.38 |
| BA degree | 0.98 | 0.97 | 0.95 | 0.96 | 1.23 | 1.25 | 1.25 | 1.25 |
| ≥ MA degree (Referent) | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| p for linear trend | .001 | .683 | .374 | .406 | .000 | .005 | .021 | .019 |
|
White Females Model: |
Black Females Model: |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Education category: | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| ≥ HS degree | 1.53 | 1.42 | 1.25 | 1.22 | 0.96 | 1.00 | 0.93 | 0.92 |
| AA degree/equivalent | 1.38 | 1.28 | 1.17 | 1.16 | 0.86 | 0.87 | 0.90 | 0.90 |
| BA degree | 1.16 | 1.13 | 1.11 | 1.10 | 0.95 | 0.95 | 0.99 | 1.00 |
| ≥ MA degree (Referent) | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| p for linear trend | .000 | .000 | .015 | .029 | .685 | .851 | .531 | .487 |
| CRP |
White Females Model: |
Black Females Model: |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Income category: | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| ≥ $25K | 1.56 | 1.04 | 0.99 | 1.02 | 1.02 | 0.95 | 0.87 | 0.91 |
| $25-$50’K | 1.32 | 1.01 | 0.97 | 0.99 | 1.24 | 1.04 | 1.01 | 1.03 |
| $50-$75’K | 1.16 | 0.94 | 0.92 | 0.93 | 1.32 | 1.10 | 1.09 | 1.10 |
| $75-$100’K | 1.01 | 0.87 | 0.85 | 0.85 | 1.16 | 1.05 | 1.03 | 1.03 |
| ≥ $100K+ (Referent) | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| p for linear trend | .000 | .394 | .704 | .520 | .737 | .646 | .244 | .480 |
|
White Females Model: |
Black Females Model: |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Income category: | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| ≥ $25K | 1.54 | 1.46 | 1.34 | 1.32 | 1.04 | 1.26 | 1.04 | 1.07 |
| $25-$50’K | 1.20 | 1.18 | 1.12 | 1.11 | 1.11 | 1.21 | 1.09 | 1.13 |
| $50-$75’K | 1.05 | 1.04 | 0.98 | 0.98 | 1.02 | 1.03 | 0.99 | 1.00 |
| $75-$100’K | 1.04 | 1.04 | 1.01 | 1.00 | 0.82 | 0.87 | 0.84 | 0.85 |
| ≥ $100K+ (Referent) | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| p for linear trend | .001 | .003 | .017 | .029 | .208 | .006 | .244 | .166 |
| IL-6 |
White Females Model: |
Black Females Model: |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Education category: | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| ≥ HS degree | 1.29 | 1.09 | 1.03 | 1.03 | 1.28 | 1.23 | 1.16 | 1.12 |
| AA degree/equivalent | 1.05 | 0.90 | 0.88 | 0.88 | 1.28 | 1.19 | 1.14 | 1.13 |
| BA degree | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.91 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.08 | 1.07 |
| ≥ MA degree (Referent) | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| p for linear trend | .000 | .272 | .812 | .818 | .003 | .018 | .096 | .174 |
|
White Females Model: |
Black Females Model: |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Education category: | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| ≥ HS degree | 1.50 | 1.44 | 1.31 | 1.33 | 1.03 | 1.04 | 0.95 | 0.93 |
| AA degree/equivalent | 1.49 | 1.43 | 1.34 | 1.34 | 0.93 | 0.93 | 0.90 | 0.89 |
| BA degree | 1.16 | 1.14 | 1.12 | 1.13 | 0.94 | 0.94 | 0.95 | 0.95 |
| ≥ MA degree (Referent) | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| p for linear trend | .000 | .000 | .000 | .000 | .868 | .781 | .608 | .491 |
| IL-6 |
White Females Model: |
Black Females Model: |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Income category: | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| ≥ $25K | 1.46 | 1.18 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 1.37 | 1.33 | 1.26 | 1.26 |
| $25-$50’K | 1.20 | 1.04 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.29 | 1.21 | 1.17 | 1.18 |
| $50-$75’K | 1.15 | 1.04 | 0.99 | 0.99 | 1.31 | 1.22 | 1.19 | 1.19 |
| $75-$100’K | 1.11 | 1.03 | 1.02 | 1.02 | 1.23 | 1.19 | 1.15 | 1.15 |
| ≥ $100K+ (Referent) | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| p for linear trend | .000 | .083 | .398 | .381 | .001 | .002 | .012 | .014 |
|
White Females Model: |
Black Females Model: |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Income category: | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| ≥ $25K | 1.51 | 1.46 | 1.36 | 1.37 | 1.46 | 1.55 | 1.37 | 1.32 |
| $25-$50’K | 1.27 | 1.26 | 1.22 | 1.23 | 1.31 | 1.35 | 1.25 | 1.23 |
| $50-$75’K | 1.16 | 1.16 | 1.11 | 1.12 | 1.39 | 1.40 | 1.35 | 1.33 |
| $75-$100’K | 1.23 | 1.23 | 1.21 | 1.21 | 1.04 | 1.06 | 1.05 | 1.04 |
| ≥ $100K+ (Referent) | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| p for linear trend | .000 | .001 | .005 | .004 | .000 | .000 | .001 | .004 |
Note. Rel. difference (relative difference) values represent the ratios of CRP or IL-6 levels between a given education/income category and the referent education/income category (highest SES group for each indicator). ). For example, the value of 1.35 for the lowest education category in White females indicates that CRP levels were 35% higher in those with the lowest education level (≤ HS degree) as compared to those with the highest education level (≥ MA degree). A value of 1.00 would indicate no difference in CRP levels; values less than 1.00 would indicate the percentage magnitude lower the CRP level (e.g., 0.90 would indicate a value of 10% lower for the group in question). Model 1: age. Model 2 health status covariates: number of chronic health conditions, BMI. Model 3 health behavior covariates: physical activity level, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and sleep quality. Model 4 psychosocial covariates: chronic burden level, social integration level, emotional support, social demands/conflicts, and depressed mood.
p ≤ .001
p ≤ .01
p ≤ .05
p ≤ .10