Table 2. Summary of urine and blood analyses for 4-week dose-response study.

Parameter	Control	Cd (0.6 mg)	Cd (1.2 mg)	Cd (2.4 mg)
Body weight (g)	372±6.4	342±6.5*	324±10*	304±6.1*
Urine volume (ml/kg/24 h)	25.9±2.9	43.1±8.6	80.8±15	209±43*
Urinary protein (mg/kg/24 h)	57.2±5.8	77.9±10	76.1±6.0	109±17*
Urinary alkaline phosphatase (U/kg/24 h)	2.9±0.23	3.7±0.4	3.9±0.6	5.8±1.4
Urinary LDH (U/kg/24 h)	1.3±0.1	1.7±0.1	4.6±0.3*	19.0±1.7*
Serum creatinine (mg/dl)	0.60±0.1	0.50±0.0	0.58±0.05	0.54±0.04
BUN (mg/dl)	21.7±3.0	19.5±0.9	22.5±2.8	31.6±1.7*

BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Cd, cadmium; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase.

Animals were treated with varying doses of Cd (0, 0.6, 1.2, or 2.4 mg/kg/5days per week for 4 weeks) and urine and blood samples were analyzed as described in the Materials and Methods section. The results represent the mean±s.e.m. of 5-6 replicate samples for each treatment group. Since the Cd-treated animals gained significantly less weight than the control animals, the results of the urine analyses are expressed as units per kg body weight per 24 h.

^*An denotes significant differences from control values as determined by ANOVA and post hoc Tukey’s test (P<0.05).