Table 1.

Annual heat and cold related mortalities per million population in people aged 65-74 living in warm and cold regions of Europe. Values are given with 95% confidence intervals in parenthesis

	North Finland	South Finland	Netherlands	London	Baden- Württemberg	North Italy	Athens	Relation to mean summer temperature (P value)
Mean summer temperature† (°C)	13.5	14.5	16.1	16.9	17.7	20.7	24.1	—
3°C band of minimum mortality (°C)	14.3 to 17.3	13.3 to 16.3	17.3 to 20.3	19.3 to 22.3	19.0 to 22.0	16.8 to 19.8	22.7 to 25.7	0.027
Mean daily mortality in 3°C band	70.0 (65.8 to 74.2)	72.9 (70.6 to 75.2)	65.1 (63.7 to 66.4)	69.8 (67.7 to 71.8)	55.5 (54.0 to 57.0)	51.3 (48.7 to 53.9)	56.7 (52.0 to 61.4)	0.040
Heat
No of days/year warmer than upper limit of minimum mortality band	25	46	18	5	22	89	63	NS
Annual heat related mortality‡	304*** (126 to 482)	248** (99 to 396)	53* (12 to 93)	40** (13 to 68)	108*** (56 to 159)	325* (36 to 614)	445* (59 to 831)	NS
Increase in daily mortality for each °C rise above minimum mortality band	6.2*** (4.0 to 8.4)	1.8*** (1.0 to 2.6)	1.3** (0.4 to 2.3)	3.6** (1.5 to 5.8)	1.4** (0.6 to 2.2)	0.8** (0.3 to 1.2)	2.7* (0.9 to 4.6)	NS
Cold
No of days/year colder than lower limit of minimum mortality band	302	275	312	330	308	230	251	NS
Annual cold related mortality‡	2457*** (1130 to 3786)	1379*** (692 to 2067)	1345*** (901 to 1788)	3129*** (2319 to 3939)	1936*** (1461 to 2412)	1238*** (535 to 1940)	2533*** (965 to 4101)	NS
Increase in daily mortality for each °C below minimum mortality band	0.58*** (0.48 to 0.68)	0.54*** (0.46 to 0.61)	0.54*** (0.50 to 0.58)	1.25*** (1.17 to 1. 32)	0.53*** (0.49 to 0.57)	0.73*** (0.60 to 0.86)	1.60*** (1.36 to 1.83)	NS

^*P<0.05, ^**P<0.01, ^*** P<0.001. 

^†May to August. 

^‡Excess above mortality in minimum mortality band.