. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Oct 1.

Published in final edited form as: Environ Res. 2009 Aug 22;109(7):891–899. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2009.07.014

Table 3.

Effect estimates^a for target pest classes of agricultural pesticides applied within ½-mi of residences on childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the Northern California Childhood Leukemia Study, California, 1990-2002

	Exposure range^b (lb/mi²)	Exposure: Lifetime				Exposure: First year of life
Target pest class	Exposure range^b (lb/mi²)	Cases	Controls	OR	95% CI	Cases	Controls	OR	95% CI
Insecticides	<1	123	163	1.0		124	162	1.0
	1 - 72	59	52	1.5	0.9, 2.4	38	38	1.2	0.7, 2.2
	72 - 3,218	31	53	0.8	0.5, 1.4	29	44	0.8	0.5, 1.5
Herbicides	<1	125	160	1.0		126	166	1.0
	1 - 57	51	54	1.2	0.8, 1.9	34	39	1.3	0.8, 2.3
	57 - 2,186	37	54	0.9	0.5, 1.5	31	39	1.0	0.6, 1.9
Fungicides	<1	141	181	1.0		138	175	1.0
	1 - 64	40	43	1.2	0.7, 2.4	27	33	0.9	0.5, 1.7
	64 - 2,779	32	44	0.9	0.5, 1.6	26	36	0.9	0.5, 1.5
Plant growth regulators	<1	197	243	1.0		178	226	1.0
	1 - 13	9	12	0.9	0.4, 2.4	9	5	2.5	0.7, 8.6
	13 - 447	7	13	0.7	0.2, 1.9	4	13	0.4	0.1, 1.3
Fumigants	<1	154	202	1.0		157	199	1.0
	1 - 549	41	33	1.7	1.0, 3.1	18	18	1.0	0.4, 2.2
	549 - 42,342	18	33	0.8	0.4, 1.4	16	37	0.7	0.4, 1.4

CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.

Estimated by using conditional logistic regression, adjusting for household income.

Moderate and high exposure categories are based on the median pesticide-use density among the controls with density ≥1 lb/mi².